No abstract

Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 is endemic in Vietnamese poultry and has caused sporadic human infection in Vietnam since 2003. Human infections with HPAI H5N1 are of concern due to a high mortality rate and the potential for the emergence of pandemic viruses with sustained human-to-human transmission. Viruses isolated from humans in southern Vietnam have been classified as clade 1 with a single genome constellation (VN3) since their earliest detection in 2003. This is consistent with detection of this clade/genotype in poultry viruses endemic to the Mekong River Delta and surrounding regions. Comparison of H5N1 viruses detected in humans from southern Vietnamese provinces during 2012 and 2013 revealed the emergence of a 2013 reassortant virus with clade 1.1.2 hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) surface protein genes but internal genes derived from clade 2.3.2.1a viruses (A/Hubei/1/2010-like; VN12). Closer analysis revealed mutations in multiple genes of this novel genotype (referred to as VN49) previously associated with increased virulence in animal models and other markers of adaptation to mammalian hosts. Despite the changes identified between the 2012 and 2013 genotypes analyzed, their virulence in a ferret model was similar. Antigenically, the 2013 viruses were less cross-reactive with ferret antiserum produced to the clade 1 progenitor virus, A/Vietnam/1203/2004, but reacted with antiserum produced against a new clade 1.1.2 WHO candidate vaccine virus (A/Cambodia/W0526301/2012) with comparable hemagglutination inhibition titers as the homologous antigen. Together, these results indicate changes to both surface and internal protein genes of H5N1 viruses circulating in southern Vietnam compared to 2012 and earlier viruses.

This paper proposes the methods of generating virtual reality system with stereo vision, simple and widely used 3D stereoscopic displays. However, we are motivated by not only 3D stereo display but also realistic rendered scenes popped out of screen which can be thought of as an interactive system addressing the human-to-virtual-objects manipulation. The user of the system can observe the objects in the scene in 3D stereoscopy and can manipulate directly by using hand gestures. We present the technique to render the 3D scene out of the screen and use KINECT device to keep track of user's hand movement to render the objects according to the user's view.

A method for coupling of benzylamines and 2-nitrobenzonitriles is herein reported. Reactions proceeded in the presence of FeCl3, elemental sulfur, urea, DABCO (1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane) base, and DMF solvent. The conditions were compatible with both electron-donating and electron-withdrawing substituents. This tactic appears to be the first method to use a first-row transition metal to promote the synthesis of 2-aryl-4-quinazolinones from commercially available 2-nitrobenzonitriles.

In this research, we suggest and implement a virtual reality system which dynamically generates the 3D stereoscopic content based on the viewing direction of the user towards a 3D screen. We propose a new approach for computing projection parameters used in OpenGL. The well-known stereoscopic rendering technique, which is called off-axis, is replaced by proposed technique that involves the changes of camera position into the process of constructing two viewing frustums for typical 3D rendering. We also introduce an approach to estimate viewer's face position in the physical screen space using inverse intrinsic matrix of digital webcam known through calibration process. Then, we extract and assign the eyes positions to virtual stereo camera positions in rendering pipeline. With the system, the real 3D perspective is achieved by using only inexpensive devices, and rendered content remains as a real physical scene with immersive dimension.