This study is the first to study the lasting effects of innovation on firm profitability in Vietnam. Using a unique panel dataset for the period 2005-2015, our results show that innovators achieve higher profit in comparison with non-innovating firms. The positive effects of innovation on firm profitability are observed not only in the short term but also in the longer term. The benefits of innovation for firm profitability can be seen in higher export probability, better productivity, better access to formal credit, and the ability to secure government support, but only after innovation.

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As previous research has not addressed the relationship between university autonomy and university rankings within countries where the state control model is used, this study explores universities’ strategies to achieve top university rankings in accordance with their autonomous rights and financial as well as political support. Specifically, this article examines the similarities and differences in university autonomy across Germany, France, and China. The results provide a clarified picture for university leaders in other countries to comprehensively understand these elite universities' effective strategies. The findings also reveal that the strategies to obtain a high position in the university league tables differ across the three countries, due to differences in cultural and national characteristics. Despite these differences, the selected countries broadened their procedural and substantive autonomy, used financial incentives to attract outstanding scholars and researchers to improve research capacities, and obtained political and financial support from their governments.

This study uses descriptive statistical method to analyze the income and life qual- ity of 397 farmer households who are suffering social exclusion in an economic aspect out of a total of 725 households surveyed in five Northern provinces of Vietnam in 2010. The farmers’ opinions of the impact of the policies currently prac- ticed by the central government and local authorities to give them access to the labor market are also analyzed in this study to help management officers see how the poli- cies affect the beneficiaries so that they can later make appropriate adjustments.

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