To select new rainfed upland rice genotypes, adapted to the West, Centre-West, and Centre regions of Côte d'Ivoire, a study was conducted in research stations. Six genotypes (ART15-11-8-5-2-B-1, WAB891-SG12, WAB1092-B-40AB.1, ARCC3Fa3L10P1-1-B-1, and ART15-16-12 -3-1-B-1-B-3-1) including the control IDSA 10, widely cultivated across the country, were evaluated on three research stations of the National Center of Agricultural Research (CNRA), during the wet seasons of the year 2016 and 2017. These stations are located at the West, Center, and West-Center of Côte d'Ivoire. The trial was set up in a randomised complete block design with four replications. The agromorphological traits such as tillering ability, sowing-50% heading cycle, plant height, percentage of productive tillers, sowing-maturity cycle, and paddy yield were collected for each genotype. In all the environments evaluated, the genotypes ART15-11-8-5-2-B-1, WAB891-SG12, ARCC3Fa3L10P1-1-B-1, and ART15-16-12-3-1-B-1-B -3-1 were characterised by high percentages of productive tillers (87 to 91%), intermediate plant heights (114 to 121 cm), and high average paddy yields (2,601 to 2,810 kg/ha). Yield gains of these genotypes compared to the control ranged from 16 to 25%. The Genotype × Environment interaction (G × E) was highly significant for paddy yield (p < 0.001). The study of the interaction based on the first two principal components analysis of the GGE biplot, explained a 97% of the main effect of the Genotype and the G × E interaction. The polygon tool of the biplot suggested the existence of a single complex mega-environment. Visualizing the mean and stability of genotypes' paddy yield in the biplot indicated that genotypes ART15-11-8-5-2-B-1, WAB891-SG12, ARCC3Fa3L10P1-1-B-1, and ART15-16-12-3-1-B-1-B- 3-1 were more adapted to upland rice-growing regions of the West, Center-West, and Center of Côte d'Ivoire. These genotypes can be released for large scale rice production in these regions. Keywords: Rainfed upland rice, G × E interaction, GGE biplot analysis
Aims: Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (PGRFA) flow in research and development area inside and outside many countries are not indexed or listed and are insufficiently documented. In Côte d’Ivoire, when implementing the Multilateral System (MLS) project, a survey was realized with different actors as well at national as international levels to collect data dealing with exchanges flow characteristics of main food crops as yam, cassava, rice and plantain. The objectives of the current study are i) to know about internal and external exchange flow of genetic resources of yam, cassava, rice and plantain in Côte d’Ivoire, ii) to assess Côte d’Ivoire dependence regarding external PGRFA, iii) to indentify international research agreements or research network facilitating Plant Genetic Resources (PGR) in Côte d’Ivoire and iv) to determine constraints or opportunities related to access to external PGR in the future. Study Design: A questionnaire was submitted to actors managing main consumed food crops in Côte d’Ivoire such as yam, cassava, rice and plantain. Place and Duration of Study: Study was conducted in 2019 and sampled data on period starting from 2005 to 2014 about the flow of genetic resources of yam, cassava, rice and plantain inside and outside Côte d’Ivoire located in Western Africa were studied. Methodology: This comprised the collection of data using a questionnaire related to characteristics of PGRFA flow inside and outside Côte d’Ivoire, within institutions in charge of PGRFA. A survey was conducted with national and international actors involved in yam, cassava, rice and plantain genetic resources. Moreover, surveys on PGRFA flow data were supplemented by reports from research programs dedicated to these food crops. Results: Results revealed that genetic resources of yam, cassava, rice and plantain are exchanged at variable levels within different actors. Contrary to plantain, a growth of vegetal material exchange within actors was observed at national level in yam, cassava and rice. PGRFA exchange flow at international level are positively unbalanced in favor of importation from Groupe Consultatif pour la Recherche Agricole Internationale (CGIAR) creating by this way a relatively marked dependence excepted to yam where ongoing varietal breeding relies on local genetic resources. Very few or no data was given back to national research and development institutions and farmers from Côte d’Ivoire on national PGRFA sent outside for breeding purposes. In the same line, neither any law nor regulations were set up at national level to ensure traceability of plant material exchanges according to international agreements and conventions. Conclusion: The consequence of this inventory of fixtures about systems of genetic resources exchange and evolution in Côte d’Ivoire is the lack of regulatory mechanisms allowing populations owning traditional knowledge take profit of an access and a fair sharing of advantages arising from the use of PGRFA as yam, cassava, rice and plantain.
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