Pelletizing and torrefaction increase biomass energy density, generating a more homogeneous fuel with lower moisture, enabling it to burn in equipment with high energy efficiency. This work evaluated the quality of pellets made from wood particles that had been densified and torrefied in an extruder-type system. Particles of the Pinus sp. wood were torrefied at 200, 250, and 300 °C for six minutes and then compacted to produce pellets. The physical, chemical, and mechanical properties of these pellets were evaluated and compared with standard ones. Torrefaction modified the pellets properties by increasing ash, fixed carbon, higher heating value, and the energy density, while reducing the volatile matter and equilibrium moisture content. The mechanical durability of the pellets was lower than that defined by the European, German, and American standards. The torrefaction pre-compaction route with torrefied particles at a temperature of 300 °C was the most efficient for energetic use, compared to the in natura biomass. The latter has negative aspects such as great variation in size (length and diameter) and density besides high moisture content.
RESUMOO objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da adição da farinha de babaçu nas propriedades do adesivo à base de ureia-formaldeído e compará-lo ao adesivo produzido com farinha de trigo, extensor usualmente utilizado na produção de painéis compensados. À resina ureia-formaldeído foram adicionados, em partes por massa de adesivo, 0, 10, 20 e 30% de farinha de babaçu, e, como catalisador, sulfato de amônio, na proporção de 1,5% sobre a massa seca de sólidos da resina. Determinaram-se as seguintes propriedades dos adesivos: viscosidade, teor de sólidos, tempo de gelatinização, tempo de trabalho e pH. A farinha de babaçu apresentou propriedades semelhantes às da farinha de trigo. Ambas, de modo geral, embora tenham contribuído para o aumento da viscosidade dos adesivos, reduziram sua reatividade, pois elevaram o valor pH, o tempo de gelatinização e o tempo de trabalho. Palavras-chave: extensor; farinha de babaçu; ureia-formaldeído. ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the addition of babaçu flour on urea-formaldehyde adhesive properties and compare it to the adhesives produced with wheat flour, which is the extender usually used for plywood production. An amount of 0, 10, 20 and 30 parts of extender per weight of the adhesive were added. Ammonium sulfate was used as catalyst, in the proportion of 1.5% on dry weight of solid content. The following properties of the adhesive were determined: viscosity, nonvolatile content, gel time, working life and pH. The babaçu flour presented similar properties to wheat flour. Both, in general, although contributed to the increase of the adhesives viscosity, reduced its reactivity, as increased pH value, gel time and working life. Keywords: extender; filler; urea-formaldehyde. INTRODUÇÃOA formulação adesiva utilizada pela indús-tria de painéis compensados, embora seja determinada de acordo com os recursos disponíveis na região, é de extrema importância para a qualidade do produto final colado. A formulação adesiva compreende a adição de materiais como extensores, materiais de enchimento, catalizadores e água à resina, de acordo com o uso que será dado ao painel compensado produzido. E para avaliar a qualidade do adesivo formulado, antes de sua utilização propriamente dita, a avaliação de propriedades como viscosidade, teor de sólidos e pH, dentre outras, é indispensável para prever o seu comportamento durante o processo de colagem. 237
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.