Que ce soient les arguments morphométriques ou. d'autres plus indirects, la domestication du mouton et fort probablement celle de la chèvre prend place durant, le PPNB ancien dans les piémonts sud du Taurus. Même si l'élevage se généralise dans le Levant Nord, au cours du PPNB moyen, les fréquences de chèvres et de moutons ne dépassent pas 30 % des restes osseux de cette période. Ainsi, l'introduction de ces petits ruminants dans l'économie de ces sites anciens parait moins « révolutionnaire » que l'expression « Révolution Néolithique » ne l'implique. Au cours du PPNB moyen, deux autres espèces acquièrent un statut domestique dans deux régions différentes : Bos dans le bassin du moyen Euphrate et Sus dans le sud-est de la Turquie. A la fin du. PPNB l'élevage du bétail formait une importante composante de l'économie de subsistance humaine dans tout le Levant nord. À l'exception d''Ovis qui semble avoir été introduit dans le Levant sud à partir du Nord, les modalités du processus de diffusion des animaux de ferme depuis leur(s) centre(s) de domestication vers les régions adjacentes, ont encore besoin d'être étudiées.
Même si nous sommes assurés que les changements socioculturels du 11e et du 10e millénaire ВС calibré se complexifient et que les sociétés socialement stratifiées du Levant nord bâtissent l'arrière-plan culturel, dans lequel la domestication des caprines prend place, nous continuons encore à nous interroger sur les causes de l'introduction du bétail dans l'économie du Néolithique précéramique. En. nous fondant sur les évidences archéozoologiques et paléobotaniques, les changements climatiques de grande amplitude et/ou les détériorations du milieu nous paraissent maintenant improbables dans cette région. Ceci nous renforce dans l'idée que les facteurs socioculturels ont été à l'origine du changement d'exploitation des animaux.
In this paper seven researchers working in the southern Levant present their views as well as new data on the origins of domestic animals in this region. The papers cover the chronological development of this phenomenon, from the first sedentary communities in the Natufian, to the advent of the first domestic caprines in the Mid/Late Pre-Pottery Neolithic B. In addition, the domestication of cattle and pig in the Pre-Pottery Neolithic С is discussed as is the development of pastoral economies in the Pre-Pottery Neolithic C/Pottery Neolithic, when caprine herds were first introduced into the eastern and southern desertic regions. Other issues raised are the possible processes involved in domesticating animals, the problem of autochthonous domestication versus the introduction of domesticates into the region and the influence of the unique physical conditions of the southern Levant on the domestication process.
This paper analyzes faunal remains excavated from the late prehistoric cemetery of Phum Snay in northwestern Cambodia. The material comprises two different components: (1) animal bones as grave goods and (2) bone fragments originating from settlement activities. The mammal and bird remains from the graves derive exclusively from domestic animals and include water buffalo, cattle, pigs, and possibly a chicken. In most cases, one or two limbs from the left side of the body of one or two species were deposited in a grave. Fish were also incorporated in the grave cult. The animal bones found in nonburial contexts reveal a broad-spectrum foraging economy that exploited a wide range of ecosystems: forests, grass-and marshlands, rivers, and inundated fields, resulting in the capture of deer, boar, smaller carnivores, cranes, tortoises, turtles, monitor lizards, crocodiles, and fish.
With 3 plates and 3 figures in the text) Eastern and north-eastern Iran and the adjacent Kopet Dagh foothills in south-westem Turkmenistan have been postulated to be the region where the domestication of the two-humped camel took place.However, none of the evidence so far brought forward for in situ domestication in this area holds up to closer scrutiny. Moreover, the postpleistocene distribution of the wild camel (Cumelus ferus) did not include Central Asia. Consequently, we claim that the region where the two-humped camel was domesticated must lie further to the east.Among the peoples with a long-standing tradition in camel husbandry are the Chinese, as is illustrated by the antiquity of the texts on camel diseases and their treatment. In this contribution, the oldest camel treatise handed down in literature is presented and discussed.
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