This article presents a novel approach to the study of primate personality and illustrates it with a study of capuchin monkeys. While most personality studies with capuchin monkeys have used rating questionnaires, the research method of this study relies instead on direct behaviour observations. In an effort to capitalize on the full richness of behavioural observation data, we used both statistical and non-statistical methods to analyse data from behavioural observations of a group of capuchin monkeys in captivity. Interest in capuchin monkeys as a species has increased due to their cognitive capacities, behavioural flexibility and complex social structure, as well as many similarities with great apes in dimensions of personality. In this study we focus in three aspects of personality: diversity, flexibility and complexity. Our results provide a detailed picture of these aspects of capuchins’ personality, including the degree of “predictability” and “unusualness” of individual capuchins’ behaviour.
This study investigates the docudrama hypothesis-the idea that fiction based on real stories can influence audience members' perception of political reality-in the context of current debates on partisan selective exposure and reinforcement effects. It does so by analyzing the influence of an Oscarnominated docudrama on viewers' attitudes and behavioral intention using propensity score matching. By means of a representative survey, we find strong evidence of partisan selective exposure and avoidance. Furthermore, among respondents with a similar likelihood of film attendance, actual attendance has a strong association with positive retrospective evaluations of the political coalition glorified in the movie, and an indirect relationship-via retrospective evaluations-with voting intentions. Discussion of the findings shed light into potential real-world political effects of partisan selective exposure using content other than news.
A partir del proceso de redemocratización en Brasil, mucho se ha escrito sobre el poder de los medios –y, más específicamente, de un grupo mediático– en el país. Sin embargo, su influencia sobre la política brasileña es tratada casi siempre desde un sentido socio-económico. En este trabajo, planteo que es necesario también tomar en cuenta la influencia del formato o modus operandi mediático en el hacer político, a partir del marco teórico conocido hoy día como mediatización. Pero, reconociendo que en nuevas democracias las líneas que separan los tipos de interferencia están muchas veces empañadas y difíciles de precisar, propongo sistematizar la medición de la influencia mediática en Brasil a partir de cuatro variables que se interrelacionan tridimensionalmente: mediatización, democratización, concentración y (des)regulación del sector. Por último, aplico el sistema de análisis propuesto al reciente episodio de selección de una norma digital en el país, defendiendo que la transición digital es una oportunidad única para comprender las relaciones entre medios y políticos.
In 2006, Brazil became the first country to import the Japanese Terrestrial Digital Television standard. Its decision was followed by almost all countries of South America. From an interdisciplinary approach between Communication and International Relations studies, this article investigates the Brazil's role in the adoption process of ISDB-Tb by neighboring countries. With qualitative methods (semi-structured interviews with a purposive sample), this paper analyzes the speeches of Brazilian authorities, based on studies of narratology. The goal is to understand what were the motives, subjects, values and secondary actors behind this Brazilian promotional action. The findings suggest that the Brazilian influence on the neighbors was intentional, and compatible with Soft Power strategies adopted by Brazil during the administration of President Lula.
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