Dangerous environmental consequences and market unpredictability of fossil fuels have necessitated the need for sustainable large-scale production of biofuel in Nigeria. Unrefined palm oil (UPO) is a significant product of commercially available oil palm plants in the country. This study experimentally investigates the production of biodiesel from refined, bleached and deodorised (RBD) palm olein extracted from UPO obtained from batch reactors. The transesterification process of the RBD palm olein with methanol and in the presence of potassium hydroxide (KOH) catalyst produced biodiesel with a 62.5% yield, thus confirming its feasibility for mass production. The derived biodiesel has properties equivalent to ASTM D792 standard for biodiesel fuels.

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The shale dispersion test (rolling test) is a common procedure that is used to measure the interactions between drilling fluids and shales. The shale rolling test depends on the moisture content of the shale, the shale composition, the viscosity of the test fluid, the rotation speed of the rollers, and the test temperature. The rheological behavior of the test fluid has the strongest influence on test results. The data was generated experimentally, shale samples from Agbada formation Niger-Delta was used. These shale samples were cored at a depth of 2000 ft and 3400 ft. Water based mud that will minimize shale dispersion and swelling of shale was formulated. The dispersion test was conducted, and it involves exposing a weighted quantity of sized shale to the formulated mud in roller-oven. This test is used to design fluids and screen the effectiveness of inhibitor additives to maintain the integrity of the cuttings and minimize the interaction of fluids with the shale sections during the drilling and completion operations. The swelling test was conducted and the linear expansion adopted because it is the most representative of the increase seen by the wellbore but was measured in the direction perpendicular to the bedding plane as this is the direction of swelling into the wellbore.

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The energy crisis in developing is increasing by the day due to immigration and an increase in population. Hydroelectricity has been spotted to be the cheapest alternative energy option that can be financed by the government and private investors. In this research, a parametric investigation on the proposed small hydropower project was carried at Gurara, Nigeria. This project aims to incorporate a 4 MW hydropower plant within the waterfall neighborhood that already serves as a tourist center. The remote sensing dataset was used to map out the study location's elevation and determine the possibility of a sustainable reservoir based on the rainfall pattern in the geographical location. It was observed that an average rainfall of 400 mm at efficiency between 0.65 and 0.75 would enable optimal energy generation. Also, it was found out that the bank elevation of the water path is equally important as designing the head-section of the hydroelectricity dam. Hence, the study location has enormous potentials to serve energy demands in Nigeria.

Data from literature and a stoichiometric material balance model were employed to estimate associated emissions with flaring of sweet gas in Nigerian oil and gas companies. Emission factors were obtained using AP 42 formula. Results showed that thousands of tonnes, ranging from 6500 to 22,000 tonnes of natural gas were flared from 1997 to 2016. At flaring stack efficiencies of 97% and 98%, the associated emissions are: CH

The sub-optimum conditions of Nigeria conventional refineries remains a drastic setback since all other industries are intertwined with its outputs. It is noted that amidst all other glaring contributing factors as listed in the study, insufficient large capital funds on the part of private investors and vandalization of pipelines seems to be conspicuous. The stolen crude oil got from the pipelines serve as the beginning point for illegal refining. Asides the issue of quality control of products, their sub-standard operation also affects Nigerians environmentally and economically. The more the Government invest time and resources to stop their operation; the more they spring up like mushrooms. This paper reflects the authors view on achieving a win-win scenario. The upgrading of existing illegal refineries at strategic locations within the country to standard modular refineries seems to be a more feasible and friendly approach. The issue of channeling of intermediate products can be solved through the introduction of clusters, where final products of one become raw material for the other. Intermediate products can also be channeled to Government owned conventional refineries for further processing. From analysis, it is deduced that overall design capacities from clusters have optimum effect on the intermediate environment in terms of meeting demand. Extensive operational training on crude oil refining will help buttress the point while Transfer of Knowledge from official vendors to Nigerian Engineers on how to fabricate modular refining units locally will also help to reduce overall cost.