wth the relationships that are established between them. 4 The proposal begins with the preparation of a conceptual model based on theory and existing brand equity research. From this base, a theoretical model has been built of causal relationships between spending on marketing communications and the dimensions of brand equity. To verify the model, the structural equations model (SEM) has been applied. ANGEL F. VILLAREJO-RAMOShas been Professor of Marketing at Seville University (Spain) since 1994. His research has focused on marketing strategy, consumer behaviour, brand equity management and customer relationship management. His current interests include the evolution of brand equity management to customer equity management, specifically, the transition from brand loyalty to customer equity. He has published widely in marketing and management journals, and presented papers at international meetings. MANUEL J. SÁ NCHEZ-FRANCOhas been Professor of Marketing and Communication at Seville University (Spain) since 1996. His research has focused on internet marketing strategy, psychological processes and advertising effects. Currently, he is studying the design and interpretation of models to explain behaviours in online environments. Specifically, this involves evaluating the mediating role of the main intrinsic and extrinsic motives explaining users' web acceptance and use. He has published widely in marketing and management journals. AbstractThis paper establishes a theoretical and empirical basis that shows the impact of marketing communications and price promotion on brand equity. The theoretical review supports applying analysis techniques based on structural equations models to confirm empirically the relationship between marketing communication efforts and the dimensions of brand equity: perceived quality, brand loyalty, brand awareness and brand image. This measurement model is verified on a sample group of families which purchased durable goods -in this case a washing machine. The results indicate the positive effect of marketing communication on brand equity, and offer strong support for the measures of perceived quality, brand loyalty, brand awareness and brand image as antecedents of brand equity.

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With the total quantity of data doubling every two years, the low price of computing and data storage, make Big Data analytics (BDA) adoption desirable for companies, as a tool to get competitive advantage. Given the availability of free software, why have some companies failed to adopt these techniques? To answer this question, we extend the unified theory of technology adoption and use of technology model (UTAUT) adapted for the BDA context, adding two variables: resistance to use and perceived risk. We used the level of implementation of these techniques to divide companies into users and non-users of BDA. The structural models were evaluated by partial least squares (PLS). The results show the importance of good infrastructure exceeds the difficulties companies face in implementing it. While companies planning to use Big Data expect strong results, current users are more skeptical about its performance.

En el presente estudio analizamos la evolución del concepto de la brecha digital para los mayores desde la perspectiva del envejecimiento activo y en el contexto de la utilización de las redes sociales como instrumento de comunicación. Consideramos que las variables socio-demográficas no tienen suficiente poder para explicar la utilización o no de las tecnologías de la comunicación (TIC) por los mayores. Las variables de corte psicológico, como la edad cognitiva, la ansiedad tecnológica o el nivel de audacia complementan a las anteriores, e incluso, pueden ser más explicativas del comportamiento del mayor con relación a la utilización de redes sociales. Los resultados provenientes de una muestra de mayores, alumnos del Aula de Experiencia de una universidad, nos permiten confirmar que nuestras dudas acerca del estereotipo de los mayores respecto a la brecha digital son acertadas y que las variables psicológicas sirven, en mayor grado, para mostrar las diferencias significativas existentes entre usuarios y no usuarios de redes sociales en cuanto a la determinación del perfil de los mismos. El usuario mayor de redes sociales se siente más joven, experimenta un menor nivel de ansiedad tecnológica y es más audaz. En general, las características psicológicas ofrecen, por tanto, mayor poder discriminante que las socio-demográficas, por ello proponemos el concepto de brecha psico-digitalThe present study analyzes the evolution of the concept of the digital gap with the elderly from the perspective of active ageing and in the context of the use of online social networks as a communication instrument. We consider that socio-demographic variables are not enough to explain the elderly’s use or non-use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). Psychological variables, such as cognitive age, technology anxiety and the level of venturousness complement the former and can even explain more the elderly person’s behaviour regarding the use of online social networks. The results come from a sample of elderly people who are students of an Experience Classroom in a university. They allow us to confirm that our doubts about the stereotype of the elderly concerning the digital divide are correct and that the psychological variables serve to a greater extent to show the significant differences with respect to determining their profile. The elderly user of online social networks feels younger, experiences a lower level of technology anxiety and is more adventurous. In general, psychological characteristics therefore offer a more discriminant power than those that are socio-demographic. This is why we propose the concept of a psycho-digital divid

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