The genus Averrhoa contains several species. among which is A. carambola L., known as star-fruit or carambola. It belongs to the Oxalidaceae family, a perennial tree native to tropical and subtropical places. It is thought to be native to Ceylon and
Cnidoscolus aconitifolius (CA) and Porophyllum ruderale (PR) are representative edible plants that are a traditional food source in Mexico. This research aimed to analyze the phytochemical composition and untargeted metabolomics analysis of CA and PR and evaluate their antiproliferative effect in vitro. The phytochemical composition (UPLC-DAD-QToF/MS-ESI) identified up to 38 polyphenols and selected organic acids that were clustered by the untargeted metabolomics in functional activities linked to indolizidines, pyridines, and organic acids. Compared with PR, CA displayed a higher reduction in the metabolic activity of human SW480 colon adenocarcinoma cells (LC50: 10.65 mg/mL), and both extracts increased the total apoptotic cells and arrested cell cycle at G0/G1 phase. PR increased mRNA Apc gene expression, whereas both extracts reduced mRNA Kras expression. Rutin/epigallocatechin gallate displayed the highest affinity to APC and K-RAS proteins in silico. Further research is needed to experiment on other cell lines. Results suggested that CA and PR are polyphenol-rich plant sources exhibiting antiproliferative effects in vitro.
The effect of four treatments on 'SUN-7705' tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) was evaluated on morphology of B. cockerelli (Sulc). Eggs, nymphs, and adults were raised on tomato plants in a greenhouse conditions at the Colegio de Postgraduados, Campus Montecillo, Texcoco, Mexico. Adults were kept in individual boxes with wooden frames and organza covers at temperatures ranging from 10 to 40ºC and photoperiod of 14:10 light:dark hours. Variables evaluated for egg morphometry were egg length (EL), egg width (EW), and pedicel length (PL). Variables measured for five nymphal instars were body length (BL), body width (BW), left antenna length (LAL), and right antenna length (RAL). Variables evaluated for adult morphometry were body length (BL), body width at the thorax (BWT), antennae length (ATN), wing length (WL), and wing width (WW). The effect of the different treatments on tomato significantly affected morphometric variables LP and AH of eggs. Significant and very significant differences were observed in morphometric variables LC, AC, LAI, and LAD of nymphs. Very significant differences were obtained in LC and ACT of B. cockerelli adult males. Results from morphometry of B. cockerelli have practical implications to help identify the five nymphal stages.Resumen. Se evaluó el efecto de cuatro tratamientos en la variedad de tomate 'SUN-7705' en la morfometría de B. cockerelli (Sulc). Se colectaron huevos, ninfas, ________________________
Growing interest has recently been shown in Tepary beans (Phaseolus acutifolius) because they contain lectins and protease inhibitors that have been shown to have a specific cytotoxic effect on human cancer cells. Bean lectins offer protection against biotic and abiotic stress factors, so it is possible that mechanical foliar damage may increase lectin production. This study evaluates the effect of mechanical stress (foliar damage) on lectin and protease inhibitor content in Tepary beans. Seed yield was also analyzed, and phenolic content and antioxidant capacity (DPPH and TEAC) were determined in the leaves. An experimental design with random blocks of three treatments (T1: control group, T2: 50% mechanical foliar damage and T3: 80% mechanical foliar damage) was carried out. Mechanical foliar damage increased the amount of lectin binding units (LBUs) fivefold (from 1280 to 6542 LBUs in T3) but did not affect units of enzymatic activity (UEA) against trypsin (from 60.8 to 51 UEA in T3). Results show that controlled mechanical foliar damage could be used to induce overexpression of lectins in the seeds of Tepary beans. Mechanical foliar damage reduced seed production (−14.6%: from 1890 g to 1615 g in T3) and did not significantly increase phenolic compound levels in leaves.
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