Comparison of Phytochemical Composition and Untargeted Metabolomic Analysis of an Extract from Cnidoscolus aconitifolius (Mill.) I. I. Johnst and Porophyllum ruderale (Jacq.) Cass. and Biological Cytotoxic and Antiproliferative Activity In Vitro

Abstract

Cnidoscolus aconitifolius (CA) and Porophyllum ruderale (PR) are representative edible plants that are a traditional food source in Mexico. This research aimed to analyze the phytochemical composition and untargeted metabolomics analysis of CA and PR and evaluate their antiproliferative effect in vitro. The phytochemical composition (UPLC-DAD-QToF/MS-ESI) identified up to 38 polyphenols and selected organic acids that were clustered by the untargeted metabolomics in functional activities linked to indolizidines, pyridines, and organic acids. Compared with PR, CA displayed a higher reduction in the metabolic activity of human SW480 colon adenocarcinoma cells (LC50: 10.65 mg/mL), and both extracts increased the total apoptotic cells and arrested cell cycle at G0/G1 phase. PR increased mRNA Apc gene expression, whereas both extracts reduced mRNA Kras expression. Rutin/epigallocatechin gallate displayed the highest affinity to APC and K-RAS proteins in silico. Further research is needed to experiment on other cell lines. Results suggested that CA and PR are polyphenol-rich plant sources exhibiting antiproliferative effects in vitro.

Comparison of Phenolic Compounds and Evaluation of Antioxidant Properties of Porophyllum ruderale (Jacq.) Cass (Asteraceae) from Different Geographical Areas of Queretaro (Mexico)

“…Despite the predictable association between P. ruderale polyphenols and biological mechanisms, the results must be taken cautiously, as in vivo and in vitro validation must be carried out. Although there is no information about the scientific examination of P. ruderale biological activity, our research group previously showed that P. ruderale leaves can reduce the metabolic activity of human SW480 colorectal cancer cells through a cytotoxic effect attributable to its polyphenolic composition, particularly rutin, epigallocatechin gallate, caffeic acid, and gallic acid [23]. Other authors reported the anti-inflammatory potential of P. ruderale extracts and attributed most of the effects to chlorogenic acid, several flavonoids, and ellagitannins [18].…”

“…The leaves were identified by a specialist from the Jerzy Rzedowski Herbarium of the Universidad Autónoma de Queretaro and sampled using the recommended acronyms of Thiers [28] as QMEX157. Once they arrived at the laboratory (all samples were processed 4 h after collection to standardize the transportation time from the collection sites to the laboratory), the leaves were processed as previously indicated in Vargas-Madriz et al [23]. Briefly, a forced-air-drying process at 40 • C for 72 h was conducted in an oven (FX 1375, Shel-Lab, Elkin, NC, USA), followed by grinding in an electric mill, sieving (0.5 mm particle size), storage in airtight bags, and freezing (Last II, REVCO, Twinsburg, OH, USA) at −80 • C.…”

Nature’s Green Potential: Anticancer Properties of Plants of the Euphorbiaceae Family

“…Similarly, Mfotie Njoya et al [ 70 ] showed that Croton gratissimus leaf extract exhibited cytotoxic effects on various cancer lines (A549, Caco-2, HeLa, MCF-7) and inhibited cancer cell growth through induction of caspase-3 (casp-3)/caspase-7 (casp-7) activation, with the highest induction (1.83-fold change) obtained on HeLa cells. Vargas-Madriz et al [ 71 ] presented that Cnidoscolus aconitifolius and Porophyllum ruderale , rich in polyphenols, reduced the metabolic activity of human SW480 colon adenocarcinoma cells. In addition, both extracts increased the total number of apoptotic cells and arrested the cell cycle in the G0/G1 phases.…”

Impact of Drying Process on the Phenolic Profile and Antioxidant Capacity of Raw and Boiled Leaves and Inflorescences of Chenopodium berlandieri ssp. berlandieri

“…nuttaliiae (huauzontle), and Chenopodium berlandieri ssp. Berlandieri (quelite cenizo) [2,3]. The last of these, quelite cenizo, is one of the most widely consumed plants in Mexico, and it is used extensively in several typical dishes and preparations [4].…”