Scandiceae subtribe Daucinae encompasses umbellifers that have fruits with prominent secondary ridges projecting into wings (former tribe Laserpitieae) or spines (former tribe Caucalideae pro parte). It comprises several economically or medicinally important genera including Cuminum, Daucus, Laser, Laserpitium and Thapsia among others. Recent molecular studies, based mostly on nrDNA ITS sequences, revealed that neither Daucus nor Laserpitium are monophyletic. To address issues of relationships and apply respective nomenclatural changes, we obtained additional ITS sequences as well as independent data from three plastid markers—rps16 intron, rpoC1 intron and rpoB‐trnC intergenic spacer—for a comprehensive sample of the subtribe. We examined data for 260 accessions representing all genera of Daucinae and 81 of its ca. 93 species. Phylogenetic trees were estimated using maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference methods. The results indicate that former Laserpitieae constitute a paraphyletic grade at the base of the spiny‐fruited members of Daucinae while traditionally delimited Daucus and Laserpitium are polyphyletic. To maintain a monophyletic Daucus, we suggest including the following genera and species into its synonymy: Agrocharis, Melanoselinum, Monizia, Pachyctenium, Pseudorlaya, Rouya, Tornabenea, Athamanta dellacellae and Cryptotaenia elegans. The species of Laserpitium occur in seven clades and only six species of the Laserpitium s.str. clade retain the generic name. Several species are transferred to Ekimia, Laser and Thapsia; additionally, a monospecific genus Siler is restored and a new genus, Silphiodaucus, is established. The inclusion of Ammodaucus into Thapsia suggested in an earlier study is not supported. The position of Laserpitium pseudomeum requires further study.

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Apiaceae tribe Scandiceae includes species with diverse fruits that depending upon their morphology are dispersed by gravity, carried away by wind, or transported attached to animal fur or feathers. This diversity is particularly evident in Scandiceae subtribe Daucinae, a group encompassing species with wings or spines developing on fruit secondary ribs. In this paper, we explore fruit evolution in 86 representatives of Scandiceae and outgroups to assess adaptive shifts related to the evolutionary switch between anemochory and epizoochory and to identify possible dispersal syndromes, i.e., patterns of covariation of morphological and life-history traits that are associated with a particular vector. We also assess the phylogenetic signal in fruit traits. Principal component analysis of 16 quantitative fruit characters and of plant height did not clearly separate species having different dispersal strategies as estimated based on fruit appendages. Only presumed anemochory was weakly associated with plant height and the flattening of mericarps with their accompanying anatomical changes. We conclude that in Scandiceae, there are no distinct dispersal syndromes, but a continuum of fruit morphologies relying on different dispersal vectors. Phylogenetic mapping of ten discrete fruit characters on trees inferred by nrDNA ITS and cpDNA sequence data revealed that all are homoplastic and of limited use for the delimitation of genera. Spines evolved from wings developing on secondary ribs. We hypothesize that spines cannot form on primary ribs because these contain vascular bundles that may constrain such a transformation. We describe a new subtribe for Artedia and propose three new combinations in Daucus.

Evolutionary relationships among 66 representatives of the family Apiaceae, including 37 species of tribe Scandiceae subtribe Scandicinae, were inferred from separate and combined analyses of fruit morphology and anatomy and nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences. Phylogenetic trees inferred from analysis of 35 fruit characters were not congruent to those derived from molecular data and, overall, had much lower bootstrap support values than the latter. Contrary to molecular data, fruit characters did not support the monophyly of subtribe Scandicinae. Fruit data do, however, corroborate the monophyly of nearly every genus within Scandicinae, the affinity of members of the "crown" clade-Anthriscus, Kozlovia (including Krasnovia and Neoconopodium), Geocaryum, Myrrhis, and Osmorhiza-that had been identified in previous molecular analyses, and the sister group relationship between the "crown" clade and the genus Scandix. Phylogenies derived from the analysis of combined ITS and fruit characters were congruent to those inferred from molecular data alone. Reconstructions of ancestral character states using the results of the combined analysis suggest that among extant Scandicinae, the fruits of Athamanta have retained the most plesiomorphic characters. Evolutionary tendencies that have occurred in the fruits of Scandicinae include the broadening of the vascular bundles and vittae, the thickening of the cuticle and epidermal cell wall, the origin of bristles from hairs, the appearance of a pedicel-like appendage, the development of a long beak, and lateral wings. These changes are interpreted as adaptations to fruit dispersal and seed defense.Résumé : Parmi 66 représentants de la famille des Apiaceae, incluant 37 espèces de la tribu des Scandiceae sous-tribu Scandicinae, les auteurs ont déduit les relations évolutives, en utilisant des analyses séparées et combinées de la morphologie et de l'anatomie des fruits, ainsi que des séquences de l'espaceur interne transcrit (ITS) de l'ADN ribosomal nucléique. Les dendrogrammes phylogénétiques, obtenus de l'analyse de 35 caractères des fruits, sont incongrus par rapport à ceux dérivés des données moléculaires et, en général, montrent des valeurs de support en lacet beaucoup plus faibles que ceux-ci. Contrairement aux données moléculaires, les caractéristiques des fruits ne supportent pas la monophylie de la sous-tribu Scandicinae. Cependant, les données sur les fruits corroborent la monophylie d'à peu près tous les genres appartenant aux Scandicinae, l'affinité des membres du clade "crown"-Anthriscus, Kozlovia (incluant Krasnovia et Neoconopodium), Geocaryum, Myrrhis et Osmorhiza-qui ont été identifiés dans des analyses moléculaires précédentes, ainsi que la relation de sororité entre le clade "crown" et le genre Scandix. Les phylogénies dérivées de l'analyse combinée des caractères des ITS et des fruits sont congruentes avec celles obtenues à partir des données moléculaires prises isolément. Les reconstructions des caractères ancestraux, basées sur le...