Precise determination of potato tubers’ shape and variability existing among individual potato varieties is necessary e.g. for modeling of handling and transport processes. The procedures described in the work are used for determination and evaluation of potato tubers shape variability and proportional importance of four main principal components. Ten different potato varieties were analyzed (Karin, Karlena, Krasa, Marilyn, Princess, Red Anna, Rosara, Sazava, Vendula, andVera) and elliptic Fourier descriptors employed for description of tubers shape. Following principal components were quantified: height to width ratio, position of the center of gravity, curvature, and degree of roundness. The scores of the resulting components were used in subsequent analysis as tuber shape characteristic. The first four principal components covered almost 100 % of the total variance in both, front and side-view shape and 97 % in top-view shape. Height to width ratio was evaluated as the determining parameter with contribution of 70.58–74.02 % of the total shape variation (front-view) forKarinandVendulavarieties respectively. The other principal components were significantly less affecting the overall variability. It was confirmed that described approach is precise and usable procedure for potato tubers shape analysis.
Precise modeling of sorting, manipulation, and transport processes of potatoes are conditioned by exact knowledge of tubers shape geometrical characteristics. The paper presents and quantifies some mathematical descriptive characteristics of potatoes. Ten selected varieties of potato tubers were analyzed. The basic dimensions were used for calculation of geometric mean diameter and volume. The maximum/minimum values were in both cases found for the same variety,KarinandVerarespectively. Calculated sphericity ranged from 0.007732 to 0.009803 forKrasaandMarilyn. The contour profiles were calculated by use of descriptive function and satisfying correlation (r2up to 0.9972) between computed and measured values was achieved. Radius of curvature was determined and evaluated in several positions. No statistically significant dependences of differences in curvature radius on neither variety nor position was found.
This work deals about evaluation of qualitative parameters of rennets. During the six months storing of rennets were determined following qualitative parameters: pH, rennet coagulation time, activity (strange) of rennet and dose of rennet, and finally were used instrumental methods: Near infrared spectroscopy (NIR) for recognizing age of rennets and spectrophotometric methods of determining the color of rennets. The theory found in the references suggests, that the activity of rennet should decrease by an average of 1–2 % per month, but the results are showing, that are changing quality of rennets namely mostly activity (strange) of rennet, which was decreased by 33% per half year. In analysis of color of rennets weren’t observed major changes by the whole group. Some statistical differences were detected in the partial values L*a*b*, most advantageous were evaluation by rennet total color change during storage, which were higher than noticeable change in four samples. The least color changes (P > 0.05) were observed in microbial rennets, with no values observed (ΔEab < 2) that can be recognized even by the human eye when subjected to parallel comparison. It was found that the NIR analysis can be used to recognizing of rennets, which are different ages.
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