Background
Compromised drinking water quality due to accumulation of heavy metals is becoming a serious concern for many countries, including Ethiopia. Chronic exposure to heavy metals is associated with many human diseases. This study aimed at determining the levels of heavy metals in drinking water supplied to Addis Ababa city. There has been no such study done on drinking water supplied to the city
Methodology:
A community based cross-sectional study design was employed from April 2018 to December 2018. Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) was used to measure the concentration of heavy metals in drinking water samples.
Result
The highest concentration of lead was recorded in water samples taken from Gefersa, Asko and Kolfie areas. Results of this study also showed that there was a statistically significant difference in the mean levels of lead in water samples taken from different treatment plants and their respective catchments (p-value < 0.01).
Conclusion
The mean lead level in water samples were higher than the maximum admissible limit set by the WHO in 2011. The mean level of cadmium concentration was higher than the maximum admissible limit of cadmium set by WHO in 2011 in water samples of the Gefersa surface water & catchment area. However, all values of heavy metals were lower than their respective maximum contaminant level set by USEPA in 2010.
Introduction
Helicobacter pylori is one of the most common bacterial infections of humankind that affects more than 50% of the world’s population. It has been implicated as an important agent in the pathogenesis of peptic ulcer disease and gastric cancer. Data regarding its prevalence using stool antigen test is scarce in Ethiopia. Hence, the main aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection among dyspeptic patients using stool antigen test and assessing the potential risk factors.
Methods
Institution based cross-sectional study was conducted on 373 dyspepsia patients. Data were collected using a pre-tested interviewer administered questionnaire. SPSS Version 23 for Windows software was used for summarization and analyses of data. Bivariate analysis was conducted to detect the association between dependent and independent variables, and all candidate variables were entered into multivariate logistic regression. Statistical significance was set at p-value <0.05.
Result
More than one-third (34%) of dyspepsia patients were positive for H. pylori stool antigen test. Having greater than or equal to four children in the house [AOR = 7.5 95% CI (1.7, 33.6) p = 0.008)], absence of latrine for the house hold [AOR = 4.3 95% CI (1, 17.8), p = 0.043 and drinking of river water [AOR = 12.5 95% CI (1.5, 105), p = 0.021] were predictors of H-pylori infection.
Conclusion
More than one-third of dyspepsia patients were positive for H-pylori infection. Overcrowding and poor hygienic conditions are the main risk factors of H-pylori infection.
Introduction: Teff (Eragrostis tef) is an indigenous crop in Ethiopia and exists in white, red, and mixed varieties. Several types of research confirmed that teff is rich in many essential amino acids, slowly digesting carbohydrates, essential fatty acids, minerals, vitamins, fibers, and other components. Since teff has a low glycemic index, is enriched in essential amino acids and fatty acids, and contains nutritionally balanced minerals, vitamins, and their precursors, it could be a promising food for the prevention and management of diabetes. People with diabetes mellitus are recommended to feed on a diet having a low glycemic index and enriched in essential nutrients. Objective: This review aimed to summarize the nutritional composition of teff (Eragrostis tef) and its value in diabetic patients. Methodology: We searched Web of Science, PubMed, Medline, Embase, and Google Scholar for studies on the nutritional composition of teff and its value for diabetic patients published in English since 2010. Conclusion: According to available data, teff is a nutritionally valuable food type for diabetic patients.
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