Diabetes and neuropathy have been linked to postural instability. Aims: The purpose of this study is to determine how each system involved in balance is affected when challenged in a static standing posture. The goal was to identify postural instability by measuring balance through the amount of sway and weight bearing distribution in nonneuropathic controlled type II diabetics. Methods: Twelve participants (five males and seven females) with controlled type II diabetes mellitus and no history of peripheral neuropathy (Non-PN cDMII) formed the diabetic group, whereas eighteen participants (7 males and 11 females) without type II diabetes formed the control group. The exclusion criteria was applied via a series of screening tests (Berg Balance Scale, Five Times Sit To Stand Test, Functional Reach Test and Monofilament Test). Postural stability and weight distribution during quiet standing were measured using a Tekscan Matscan pressure mat, which measured the amount of sway and weight distribution. Static postural control was evaluated during eight sensory conditions that perturbed or stimulated the visual, proprioceptive, and vestibular systems. Results: Postural control was found to be significantly deficient when the vestibular system was stimulated, whereas the proprioceptive system was perturbed. After the data analysis, there was a significant difference in anteroposterior sway (p = .05) with the following tasks: eyes open with head movements on an unstable surface, and eyes closed with head movements on a firm surface. Conclusions: The results revealed that the experimental group with type II diabetes had greater postural instability when compared to the control group during tasks with the vestibular system on an unstable surface. This demonstrates that, due to their deficits, individuals with non-PN cDMII are unable to maintain their balance when the vestibular and proprioceptive systems are challenged simultaneously.
Traditionally, graduate anatomy is learned from books, cadaver dissections, and prosections. During a lecture, the most common tool for presentations are screen projections such as PowerPoint presentations. Although this method has its teaching/learning advantage, it remains a 2‐dimensional surface unfavorable for depth perception, anatomical relationships, and clinical applications. Currently, there are several tools for the enhancement of learning and teaching anatomy, such as 3D virtual anatomy apps and anatomical models.PurposeEnhance learning through anatomy 3D applications integrated into an Upper Extremity Anatomy course for occupational therapy (OT) students.MethodsThere were 46 OT students (2 males and 44 females) enrolled in the TWU Summer 2018 Upper extremity anatomy course from the Dallas and Houston campuses. In supporting the lecture component, 3‐dimensional animations (“Complete Anatomy” app on an iPad Pro) of different anatomical upper extremity structures were projected to the big screen for the students to improve their understanding of the anatomy content that was covered. Upon course completion, the students were requested to provide their feedback and impressions regarding this combined teaching technique. Questions were tailored to examine the students' perception of integrating the app into the course, preference of the different tools used in the course, as well as their opinion on using this tool in the future.Results96% of the students reported that the anatomy app was very helpful (85%–39/46), helpful (9%–4/46) or good (2%–1/46) in aiding to their comprehension of complex anatomy structures. It was found that the anatomy app was preferred secondly to the hands‐on prosection as a teaching tool. Moreover, 100% of the students considered that the anatomy app would be a helpful tool in OT Upper Extremity courses.ConclusionCombining the 3D anatomy apps into graduate anatomy courses appears to be a useful tool for the comprehensive learning of human anatomy. This is demonstrated by the selection of the 3D app by graduate students as the second best teaching tool to learn anatomy.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Learning anatomy from books has its limitations. Cadaver dissection and prosection had proven to be the ideal method of learning anatomy, though they also have restrictions. Commercially, there are several tools for the enhancement of learning and teaching anatomy, such as 3D virtual anatomy apps and anatomical models. The Anatomage, a virtual anatomy dissection table, is a powerful virtual table with capabilities of dissection and prosection of the complete human body or segments.PurposeEnhance anatomical learning through the use of prosections of human cadavers and the Anatomage as adjunct teaching tools in undergraduate Anatomy and Physiology (A&P) students.MethodsIn collaboration with the Dallas Campus, the Anatomy Observational Outreach (AOO) stood to target undergraduate students from the Texas Woman's University (TWU) Denton Campus with interest in learning advanced human anatomy. There were 100 A&P laboratory students recruited for the AOO. After they took a 10 question pre‐test prior to the outreach, the students were allocated to smaller groups to observe human cadavers (group A) and the Anatomage (group B), guided by two Anatomy Professors, where they identified structures related to several anatomical systems. Students then answered post‐tests (identical to the pre‐tests) for the purpose of quantifying learning parameters to measure the success of prosection/anatomage. Finally, students were asked to respond to a 10 question feedback survey reporting their AOO experience.Results81% of participating students considered the undergraduate A&P courses to be lacking without the Anatomage, and believed the table to be an imperative tool in thoroughly learning and applying human anatomy. Moreover, 98% of the students increased in knowledge of extensive human anatomy.ConclusionIntegrating the Anatomage, the virtual dissection and anatomy table, into undergraduate A&P courses is paramount to the comprehensive learning and application of human anatomy in students' future health careers.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Undergraduate students often have difficulty relating Anatomy and Physiology (A&P) course contents to their future careers, leading to a lack of interest and degree completion. The purpose of the Anatomy Observational Outreach (AOO) was to raise students' interest in STEM and Allied Health fields, help students make the connection and application between the information presented in A&P labs and real‐world activities, as well as to effectively encourage students to pursue graduate degrees in Allied Health Careers. The outreach consisted of 100 undergraduate A&P students from Texas Woman's University's biology, nursing, kinesiology, health studies, physical therapy, and occupational therapy departments. The methodology consisted of a 15‐minute orientation, graduate student panel Q&A session, 30‐minute cadaver and organ prosections, 30‐minute Anatomage table demonstration, anatomical models, and x‐rays. To measure the impact of the outreach, students were given identical 10‐question pretests and post‐tests, of which each question accounted for 1 point. The results of the students' post‐tests demonstrated a 98% increase in anatomical knowledge and an 84% increase in interest in graduate degrees in STEM and Allied Health fields. Moreover, 81% of students felt all of the activities and tools were useful, while 19% concluded the cadaver prosections were the strongest sole educational aids. It was also found that of the 100 students in attendance, 55% were ethnic minorities and 90% were gender minorities. We conclude that the AOO yielded distinguished results in the depth, retention, and application of A&P knowledge, along with increased interest, excitement, and motivation for pursuing tertiary STEM and Allied Health degrees among undergraduates. The future goal for the AOO is to establish a biannual “Anatomy Week” to encourage and inspire students and minority scholars to further their tertiary education in STEM and Allied Health fields.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
HIV is a debilitating infection that often presents with health-related complications, further reducing quality of life. Of the most common comorbidities accompanying HIV is depression, which can induce cognitive alterations alongside those resulting from the virus. Latinxs are disproportionately susceptible to both afflictions and face innumerable challenges in the identification and diagnosis of depression. Consequently, HIV-infected Latinxs may experience additional cognitive symptomatology from the simultaneous prevalence of depression and HIV, potentially affecting their gait and cardiovascular profiles. This study aimed to determine the impact of depression on cardio-motor components in HIV-infected Latinxs. Records of 291 stable HIV+ participants were collected from La Perla de Gran Precio Community Center, analyzed for depression, and respectively allocated to the depression group (70) and the group without depression (221). Cardio-motor values were obtained by conducting the Ross treadmill test, a submaximal cardiovascular assessment. An ANOVA revealed similarities in cardiomotor profiles between groups, alluding to the absence of depression-induced modifications to gait and cardiovascular health. Community exercise and cardiopulmonary intervention programs are beneficial to the quality of life in this population during all stages of HIV. However, HIV-infected Latinxs with depression face acute cultural challenges, causing diagnoses and treatment oversights and deficiencies for those who are suffering. Public health efforts should aim to remove barriers facing this population to ultimately reduce the inflated prevalence of both afflictions. Future research should focus on the crucial differentiation of Latinx depressive symptoms from those identical in HIV prior to reinvestigating cardiomotor alterations.
BACKGROUND: Resistance exercise (RE) has been demonstrated as a superior modality for increasing muscle strength, muscle endurance, power, and motor performance. The sled used in this study is a novel device that provides proportional increase in resistance with increased speed. PURPOSE: To examine the impact of resistance on gait temporospatial parameters using a resistance sled in healthy young adults while walking and running. METHODS: Fifteen young adults (ages 21-35) were recruited to participate in this study. Sensors (accelerometers and gyroscopes) were placed on each subject at the chest, waist, both wrists, and ankles. Each participant performed three trials of 40 feet for the following conditions: self-paced walking (W), self-paced walking while pushing the sled (WP), and maximal speed running while pushing the sled (RP). RESULTS: A repeated measures MANOVA was conducted to compare gait temporospatial parameters across conditions. Results indicate significant differences (P <0.005) between all conditions for stride length, cadence, double support time, swing %, and stance %. Stride length decreased across all conditions: W (85+/-3.0), WP (68+/-4.1), and RP (56+/-7.0). Cadence decreased while WP (92+/-10.1), yet increased during RP (169+/-14.9), compared to W (109+/-6.7). During WP and RP, participants demonstrated greater gait cycle percentage in stance phase [(WP, stance phase: 66+/-1.6, swing phase: 34+/-1.6) and (RP, stance phase: 57+/-2.7, swing phase: 42+/-2.7)] when compared to W (stance phase: 37+/-2.1, swing phase: 37+/-2.2). CONCLUSIONS: Longer stance phase with proportional increase in resistance could be utilized as a combined resistance and gait training tool as opposed to only gait training. Future studies should focus on neuromuscular activation of the lower extremity, specifically the muscles involved in the gait cycle stance phase, when walking or running with resistance.
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