Objective To compare, landing mechanics and electromyographic activity of the lower extremities during side hopping and crossover hopping maneuvers, in noninjured women and women with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Design A case-control study. Setting A 3-dimensional motion analysis laboratory. Participants Twenty-eight young women (range, 21–35 years) (15 control subjects and 13 subjects with ACL reconstruction). Patients and Methods All participants performed a side-to-side hopping task that consisted of hopping single-legged 10 times consecutively from side to side across 2 lines marked 30 cm apart on 2 individual force plates. The task was designated as a side hopping when the hop was to the opposite side of the stance leg and as crossover hopping when the hop was toward the side of the stance leg. Main Outcome Measurements Peak hip-/knee-joint angles; peak knee extension/abduction joint moments; electromyographic studies of the gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, rectus femoris, and hamstring muscles; and quadriceps/hamstring co-contraction ratio were compared between the groups by means of 2 × 2 multivariate analysis of variance tests (group × maneuver). Results Noninjured women and women with ACL reconstruction exhibited similar hip-and knee-joint angles during both types of hopping. Hip-joint angles were greater during the crossover hopping in both groups, and knee-joint angles did not differ between the groups or hops. Knee-joint moments demonstrated a significant group × maneuver interaction. Greater knee extension and valgus moments were noted in the control group during crossover hopping, and greater knee abduction moments were noted in the ACL group during side hopping. Electromyographic data revealed no statistically significantly differences between the groups. Conclusions Women with ACL reconstruction exhibited the restoration of functional biomechanical movements such as hip-/knee-joint angles and lower extremity neuromuscular activation during side-to-side athletic tasks. However, not all biomechanical strategies are restored years after surgery, and women who have undergone a procedure such as ACL reconstruction may continue to exhibit knee-joint abduction moments that increase the risk of additional knee injury.

Introduction: The Community Healthy ActivitiesModel Program for Seniors (CHAMPS) is a physical activity monitoring questionnaire for people between 65 to 90 years old. This questionnaire has been previously translated to Spanish to be used in the Latin American population.Purpose: To adapt the Spanish version of the CHAMPS questionnaire to Puerto Rico and assess its internal consistency.Methods: An external review committee adapted the existent Spanish version of the CHAMPS to be used in the Puerto Rican population. Three older adults participated in a second phase with the purpose of training the research team. After the second phase, 35 older adults participated in a third content adaptation phase. During the third phase, the preliminary Spanish version for Puerto Rico of the CHAMPS was given to the 35 participants to assess for clarity, vocabulary and understandability. Interviews to each participant in the third phase were carried out to obtain feedback and create a final Spanish version of the CHAMPS for Puerto Rico. After analyses of this phase, the external review committee prepared a final Spanish version of the CHAMPS for Puerto Rico. The final version was administered to 15 older adults (76 ± 6.5 years) to assess the internal consistency by using Cronbach's Alpha analysis.Results: The questionnaire showed a strong internal consistency of 0.76. The total time to answer the questionnaire was 17.4 minutes.Conclusion: The Spanish version of the CHAMPS questionnaire for Puerto Rico suggested being an easy to administer and consistent measurement tool to assess physical activity in older adults.

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Motor-Cognitive alterations (MCAs) are associated with HIV infection and antiretroviral therapy. MCAs create a profound negative impact on their independence causing a burden to caregivers and the health care system. At early stages of the HIV disease, mild MCAs affecting the central nervous system can be identified in individuals with HIV, however, these MCAs increase in severity as time and the condition progress. Despite the prominence of these traits among individuals with HIV, the manifestation and severity of these MCAs are not linear. Purpose:The aim of this project to assess the impact of medication with MCA's and comorbidities among Hispanics with HIV.Methods: Data was collected from 575 out of 1,300 participants' record. Variables related to cd4, blood work, urinalysis, physical activity, and demographics (age, year with diagnosis) we're collected. Data analysis of this study utilizes two types of analysis univariate and bivariate for demographic profile data and to identify correlation of multiple comorbidities and antiretroviral therapy. Then a Pearson chi square was used for the relationship analysis between peripheral neuropathy and antiretroviral therapy. The majority of the subjects were male aged between 81/2-and 451/2-years old living with HIV diagnosis. Mainly, Participants were categorized as having the HIV diagnosis with a cd4 cell count of 598 ± 346.8 cells/uL with a nondetected viral load.Results: showed the mains comorbidities among individuals with HIV are hypertension 28%, depression 25%, peripheral neuropathy 23.6%. A poor relationship between peripheral neuropathy and individuals with HIV was found using between 2-3 antiretroviral therapy. However, it was not statistically significant (X² (2)> = 1.509, p = .470). Conclusion:Hispanic living with HIV, MCA's manifest as depression and in some extent peripheral neuropathy. We suggest cardiovascular and psychological testing to all participants suffering with HIV. Additional studies are encouraged for strength test, cardiovascular assessment and physical activity evaluation among these subjects.

Introduction: The XPO Trainer used in this research is a novel device which provides low rolling resistance at low speeds with an immediate and automatic proportional increase in resistance with increased speed. Purpose: To examine the impact of using the XPO Trainer on gait and neuromuscular activation at low and high speeds in young, seemingly healthy adults. Materials and Methods: This work consisted of 35 healthy adults (age: 24.9 ± 3.2 years, weight: 149.8 ± 8 lbs, height: 66.6 ± 4.4 inches). Each participant wore accelerometers/gyroscopes sensors around each wrist and ankle, chest, and low back and surface electromyography (EMG) electrodes on their dominant leg over the quadriceps (QUAD), hamstring (HAM), anterior tibialis (TA), and gastrocnemius (GA). To initiate the tasks, participants walked then ran 40 feet with and without the XPO Trainer sled. Subjects did a total of 3 trials per tasks (total of 12) with one minute of rest between tasks to reduce fatigue factor. The data from the EMG and Mobility Lab sensors were then processed and compared through the SPSS 24 system for a repeated-measures ANOVA. Results: EMG-The QUAD muscle exhibited a substantial higher muscle activation between walk (45.39 ± 24.43) and walk push (74.40 ± 56.73) tasks. Gait Parameters-There was a significant modification (p ≤ .05) between the different gait variables and tasks, including cadence, gait speed, stride length and trunk velocity while pushing the sled. Conclusion/Clinical Relevance: With the XPO Trainer being a novel device, it is important to understand how it affects the activation and response for muscles during different activities before using it as a training tool. Understanding the effect this particular sled can provide on the different components of the (temporospatial) gait parameters and muscle activation is valuable for a clinically appropriate application to specific populations.

Introduction: People with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) can present vestibular system impairments, affecting postural stability. There is limited literature related to visual and somatosensory systems in maintaining postural stability in HIV-positive people. The purpose of this study was to describe sensory systems used to maintain postural stability and how the sources of sensory information can influence postural stability in asymptomatic persons with HIV. Material and methods:Postural stability was measured in 20 asymptomatic persons with HIV with no history of fall (11 males, 9 females; aged 43 ± 8 years). Static postural stability was evaluated during eight conditions that perturbed the visual, somatosensory, and vestibular inputs. One-way MANOVA test was conducted to compare center of pressure (COP), antero-posterior displacement (APD), and right-left displacement (RLD) on a stable and unstable surface.Results: There was a significant increase in the COP, APD, and RLD when the proprioceptive system was challenged on the unstable surface.Conclusions: Postural instability can be detected in asymptomatic HIV-positive persons with challenging conditions before the evident appearance of balance impairments.

While cadaver dissection and prosection are deemed quintessential methods for studying anatomy, these methods are attenuated by the flat, 2-D structures incorporated into didactic segments of the anatomy courses that minimize students' ability to comprehend anatomy, leading to constraints in the teaching and learning experience. Several tools, such as 3-D virtual anatomy apps and anatomical models, enhance teaching and students' understanding of gross human anatomy. The Anatomage, a virtual anatomy dissection table (VDT), is a compelling technological development with dissection capabilities and a prosection of the human body and its segments. This study intends to explore incorporating a VDT into a physical therapy anatomy course as an enhanced anatomical learning technique. The methods encompass the inclusion of the VDT as an extra dissection table within the cadaver lab setting. Each group of scholars was required to locate the anatomical configurations and dissections assigned to the topic on the VDT. The anatomy course included four examinations covering the entire human body. The results suggest advancements in knowledge retention following the incorporation of VDT in the cadaver dissection portion of the course. Therefore, we ascertained that the VDT is an exemplary tool to adopt in anatomy courses to aid in the comprehension of complex anatomical structures. Integrating VDT is paramount to the assimilation and application of human anatomy in students' future health careers.

Energy drinks consumption continues to grow since its Background: appearance in the United States in 1997. Available evidence indicates that caffeine, their main ingredient, can alter the central nervous system (CNS). However, it is unknown how energy drinks alter the CNS postural control mechanism. The purpose of this study was to investigate how energy drinks can affect postural control after sensory perturbations during stance. 20 healthy adults, (11 males; 9 females) averaging 26.1 years of Methods: age, stood on a MatScan™ pressure mat, which measured center of pressure (CoP), anteroposterior (AP) and mediolateral (ML) postural sways during eight different balance tests (BALT's). BALT's were designed to alter or cancel the systems involved in postural control: visual, vestibular and somatosensory. Subjects were randomly assigned to a caffeine group and an energy drink group. MANOVA analysis was performed for all variables of interest.In the caffeine group, the AP sway of the Eyes Closed test on a stable Results: surface was statistically significant. In the energy drinks group, we observed a general tendency of participants to increase CoP slightly, AP and ML sway in most of the BALT's after the consumption of an energy drink. However, this increase was not statistically significant. These results suggest that in healthy young adults, the sensory re-weighting mechanism can overcome postural perturbation and maintain overall postural control.We observed an overall tendency to increase postural instability Conclusions: after the ingestion of energy drinks.