The ORTO-15 questionnaire is a reliable tool to identify the risk of ON in population studies in the group of urban youth aged 15 - 21.

This study, of a large number of adolescents, showed a prevalence of ON similar to that recorded in adult populations. Since factors predisposing to ON in adolescence differ from those for other eating disorders, it is not clear whether ON should be treated as a new form of ED.

Choroba afektywna dwubiegunowa (ChAD) charakteryzuje się patologicznymi zmianami nastroju i aktywności o charakterze epizodów maniakalnych, hipomaniakalnych, depresyjnych lub mieszanych. W ostatnich latach obserwuje się znaczący wzrost rozpoznawania ChAD u dzieci i młodzieży. Ocenia się, że średni wskaźnik rozpowszechnienia spektrum zaburzeń afektywnych w populacji pediatrycznej wynosi 1,8 %, a ChAD typu I – 1,2%. Mimo jednakowych kryteriów diagnostycznych istnieją przesłanki, że niektóre objawy choroby występują z inną częstością wśród dzieci i młodzieży niż u osób dorosłych. Za najczęstszy objaw maniakalny u osób z początkiem choroby w wieku dziecięcym uważa się drażliwość, a w wieku młodzieńczym - nadmierną aktywność. ChAD w populacji dzieci i młodzieży towarzyszy wysoki wskaźnik współwystępowania innych chorób psychicznych. Szczególne problemy diagnostyczne stwarza zespół nadpobudliwości ruchowej z deficytem uwagi oraz osobowość borderline. Wczesny początek ChAD wiąże się z cięższym przebiegiem, gorszym rokowaniem i wyższym ryzykiem samobójczym. W leczeniu farmakologicznym ChAD w populacji pediatrycznej stosuje się leki normotymiczne I i II generacji, przy czym ich skuteczność oraz profil bezpieczeństwa różni się od osób dorosłych. Amerykański Food and Drug Administration rekomenduje w leczeniu epizodów maniakalnych u młodych osób lit, aripiprazol, kwetiapinę, risperidon, olanzapinę, a w przypadku epizodów depresyjnych połączenie olanzapiny z fluoksetyną.

Plasma KS level in JIA patients, reflecting the aggrecan structure, indicates that treatment that modifies inflammation simultaneously does not contribute to total regeneration of articular matrix components and signalizes the need for further treatment.

Background: Eating disorders (ED) are a diagnostic category that includes several nosological units such as anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), or binge eating disorder (BED). This category most often concerns women, while the peak incidence falls on the reproductive age. Therefore the issue of ED during pregnancy is an interesting topic. Due to the creation of unrealistic ideal of “desired,” slim figure both by the mass media and social media even during and right after gestation, more and more pregnant women introduce behaviours aimed at maintaining the “perfect” appearance. However in some cases it may have serious consequences for the health of both mother and child leading to the creation of the term “pregorexia” by the media to describe this issue.Aim: The aim of this paper was to conduct a systematic review of the literature dealing with eating disorders in pregnant women, with particular emphasis on pregorexia.Method: A systematic review of literature published within the last 5 years (2016–2021) in English or Polish and available through MEDLINE / PubMed, Google Scholar and Cochrane Library databases was conducted based on the previously assumed inclusion and exclusion criteria.Results: Initially, 634 publications were obtained during the review, of which 55 papers were selected in the course of the title analysis. After further evaluation of abstracts, 28 papers were qualified for full text analysis. Ultimately, 10 papers were selected for the final analysis.Conclusions: The issue of ED in pregnant women is a broad topic covering a heterogeneous group of women—both those with a previous history and those with the onset during pregnancy. The occurrence of ED symptoms during this period is associated with a high likelihood of negative consequences for both the mother and the child. The course of pregnancies and deliveries in these patients is more complicated. Therefore, it seems reasonable to develop a multidisciplinary screening strategy and standards of management and supervision over this group of patients.

Introduction: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is found in virtually all population groups regardless of ethnic or socioeconomic backgrounds. Among others, dominant symptoms of autism persistent throughout its course of development include, inter alia, qualitative disorders of social communication and social interactions. Numerous studies have been performed on animal models as well as groups of healthy individuals to assess the potential role of oxytocinergic and vasopresynergic systems in normal social functioning. These studies have also discussed their potential participation in the development of social cognition dysfunctions in the course of ASD. This literature review aimed to identify studies examining single-nucleotide polymorphisms of the oxytocin (OXT) and arginine vasopressin (AVP) receptor genes and their differential effects on social cognitive dysfunction in the development of ASD. Methods: A systematic review of literature published within the last 10 years and accessible in PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, and APA PsycNET databases was conducted by each author separately. Inclusion criteria required that articles should 1) be published between January 2008 and August 2018; 2) be published in English or Polish; 3) be located in periodical publications; 4) focus on the role of polymorphisms within oxytocin and vasopressin receptor genes in autistic population; 5) provide a clear presentation of the applied methodology; and 6) apply proper methodology. Results: From the 491 studies qualified to the initial abstract analysis, 15 met the six inclusion criteria and were included in the full-text review. Conclusions: The analysis of available literature seems to indicate that there is an association between social cognition dysfunctions in the course of autism and selected alleles of polymorphisms within the OXT receptor AVP 1A receptor genes. However, previous studies neither specify the nature of this association in an unequivocal way nor select genotypes that are the basis for this association.

This study investigated the effectiveness of whole-body vibration (WBV) training incorporated into a conventional physiotherapy (PT) program (WBV-assisted training) in improving blood flow in the lower limbs and range of motion in the lower limb joints of children with myelomeningocele (MMC). A total of 31 children with MMC (7–15 years old) underwent a 6 weeks treatment program consisting of 2 weeks of conventional PT followed by 4 weeks of WBV-assisted training. The assessment comprised two parts: evaluation of lower limb joint range of motion and Doppler ultrasonography of the superficial femoral, popliteal, and anterior tibial arteries and was performed three times for each of the participants (at baseline, after 10 sessions of PT but before WBV-assisted training, and after 20 sessions of WBV-assisted training). Our results showed that WBV-assisted training significantly improved lower limb circulation in patients with MMC, increasing velocity and reducing resistivity in all tested arteries. Moreover, WBV-assisted training alleviated lower-extremity contractures, especially of the knee. Thus, WBV-assisted training is effective as an adjunctive rehabilitation program for improving functional mobility in children with MMC.

Children with Cerebral Palsy (CP) show the postural constraints while standing, and gait disorders, resulting from both primary and secondary impairments of brain injury. In our previous studies, several characteristic postural and gait patterns in children with unilateral as well as with bilateral CP were defined, and the relationship between these patterns was demonstrated. The purpose of present study was to identify which features of body posture deviation during standing were strongly related to gait deviations in independently ambulatory children with CP. For this aim we explored the cross-relationship between features of body posture while standing examined by surface topography and the selected gait parameters from three-dimensional instrumented gait analysis in one hundred twenty children with cerebral palsy, aged between 7 and 13 years, who were able to walk independently. First, our study documented that that sagittal misalignment of the spine curvature was significantly related to kinematic deviations such as deviations of pelvic tilt, inadequate swing phase and knee flexion, and peak dorsiflexion in stance. Second, the study shows that the static asymmetry of pelvis and trunk was significantly associated with kinematic deviations during gait cycle such as pelvic rotation, hip abduction in swing, ROM of knee flexion, peak dorsiflexion in stance. Based on obtained results and referring to our previous findings it can be assumed that the first model of the relationship between postural deviation and gait disturbances, called 'postural and gait complex of disorders in sagittal plane', is related to children with bilateral CP, whereas the second model 'postural and gait complex of disorders in coronal plane' to children with unilateral CP. The clinical applications of this study relate to the early recognition of particular features of postural deviation using surface topography, instead of more difficult and demanding expensive tools 3-D gait analysis.