Purpose: to conduct a comparative analysis of psychomotor abilities in athletes of cyclic sports (short track), martial arts (karate, taekwondo) and esports (CS:GO). Materials, participants and methods: The study involved athletes of percussion martial arts (n=10, age 18,9±0,12, candidates for master of sports), elite players of semi-professional CS:GO teams (n=10, age 19,2±0,50), short track speed skaters (n=10, age 19±0,09, masters of sports). The choice reaction time, the frequency of local movements (60-second tapping test), and the reaction time to a change in the size of the object (Size-test) were determined. Research results. Esports athletes have the best reaction time of choice and tapping test compared to other athletes. The wrestlers showed the best reaction to distinguishing the size of an object in the Size-Test. Skaters have high rates of complex reaction time and frequency of movements. The duration of the tapping test has a likely inverse relationship with the frequency of tapping. Conclusions. It was found that esports athletes have a significantly better choice reaction time (p<0,05) than martial arts athletes. The results of short track skaters do not have significant differences with martial arts and esports athletes (p>0.05). The results of the tapping test in terms of the total number of movements and the average number for 5 s in esports athletes tend to be higher compared to short track speed skaters and martial arts athletes. The fastest response time to a change in the size of an object in the Size-test was shown by martial arts athletes, the slowest by short-track skaters. This reflects the trend towards better results of this type of reaction in martial arts athletes compared to short track speed skaters and esports athletes.
Purpose: to determine the features of changes in the morphological and functional indicators of students in response to a dosed physical load. Material & Methods: practically healthy students of 18±0.7 years of I-II courses of study (n=40) who did not regularly go in for sports in the past and present took part in the study. They were divided into test groups according to the following principle: group 1 (n=20) included students involved in playing sports (sports games and their elements); group 2 (n=20) included students involved in acyclic/cyclic types of physical culture and sports activities (types of athletics). Research methods: theoretical methods of pedagogical research; testing; hardware methods; mathematical and statistical. Results: the features of adaptation of the functional systems of the body of students to regular physical culture and sports classes by different types of motor activity of a predominant orientation were determined: gaming (sports games and their elements, mini-sports games); cyclic (types of athletics). It was revealed that as a result of regular classes according to training programs, both in terms of types of physical culture and sports, predominantly cyclic / acyclic (types of athletics), and game types (sports games and their elements), there is an improvement in the level of working capacity and endurance of students already in a two-month period. The reactions of the students' organism in response to the dosed physical activity of the Martin-Kushelevsky test at the end of the study allow us to assert an increase in the level of functioning and reserves of the cardiovascular system of the subjects as characteristics of the adaptation of the morphological and functional structures of the body to programmed regular physical exercises. However, when comparing the indicators of the studied groups, no significant differences were found. Consequently, the influence of predominantly different types of training loads is similar. This helps to deepen the understanding of the influence of academic physical education classes on the body of students. Consequently, the main determinant of increasing the level of adaptation to physical activity among students is the regularity of classes, while observing the pedagogical and specific sports principles of their construction. At the same time, the main goal of such classes should be to increase the level of general endurance as a characteristic of the level of physical health. Conclusions: morphological and functional changes in the body of students in the amount provided for by the program of physical education of higher education do not depend on the predominant nature of motor activity. As a result of the two-month training program, an improvement in the functional state of the students' body was revealed. However, this does not apply to the integral indicators of the functioning of the cardiovascular system. To improve the morphological and functional indicators of students, it is necessary to increase the time of regular physical education classes, regardless of the nature of motor activity.
Aim – substantiate the effectiveness of the method of comprehensive development of strength abilities of boxers aged 17-19. Objects: qualified men boxers aged 18.05±1.50 (n=16), who were divided into control (CG; n=8) and experimental (EG; n=8) groups. Methods: data analysis of scientific and methodical literature; pedagogical observation, verification and experiment; methods of mathematical statistics. Research results and discussion. Based on the analysis of the data of modern science and practice in the field of strength training of boxers, a comprehensive methodology for strength training of boxers aged 17-19 years in the preparatory period of the annual macrocycle was developed and tested. Its feature was the combined use of specific and non-specific means of strength training for boxers, which were grouped according to the block principle and implemented within 12 weeks. It was established that, compared to the traditional approach to improving the strength of qualified boxers, the experimental technique effectively and comprehensively influenced the dynamics of the strength indicators of the muscles of the arms and shoulder girdle, strength endurance, as well as the speed and strength qualities of the test subjects. Therefore, in the process of forming sports preparedness, which continues from cycle to cycle, there is an opportunity to qualitatively increase the strength of boxers already in the preparatory period without harming the technical side of sportsmanship. Conclusions. Complex development of strength abilities allows to optimize the process of strength development in boxers aged 17-19 at the stage of sports improvement in the preparatory period of the annual macrocycle.
The article focuses on the need to introduce modern alternative health-saving methods and technologies of physical education, in particular, health tourism as an important factor in the educational process and a leading factor in the socialization and harmonious development of children and young people with special needs. The problem of physical education of pupil’s and student’s youth is relevant at the present stage of the development of health tourism. Adaptive physical education is an important factor in the rehabilitation of students who have limited physical health opportunities. We admit that the implementation of the program of health measures to organize the physical activity of students using the natural sedative factors of health tourism will have a great impact on the physical and mental development, social and psychophysical condition of students. Purpose: The purpose of the research is to substantiate the scientific and pedagogical aspects of the reproductive method of adaptive physical education of the student youth with special needs using health tourism. Involvement of this category of students in physical education to determine the social significance of adaptive physical culture in renewed and maintaining the state of physical and psychological health of people with special needs. Approach: A set of complementary methods by the assigned task is used in the work. Analysis and generalization of domestic and world experience on the problem of renewal and rehabilitation by methods and means of adaptive physical culture were carried out. The scientific special literature was analyzed on the problems of applying means of physical culture, on the complex resumption of physical health. Students of non-physical education institutions of higher education in Kharkiv took part in the research. The questionnaire survey technique is used in the experiment. In this method, we used the questionnaire that consists of 8 questions and was applied to up to 60 individuals regardless of gender. Results: The reproductive method of adaptive physical education is aimed at improving the knowledge in physical rehabilitation and forming the skills of persons with special needs to use natural factors for body resumption. The introduction of a mental-conceptual model increased awareness of health tourism means and methods by 18,5% (t=2,41; p<0,01). Psychological comfort after the proposed measures to preserve the state of physical and psychological health of students with special needs improved by 61,3% (t = 3,47; p<0,001). Conclusion: The search for ways to make optimal use of health tourism for the renewal of health and social adaptation of persons with special needs is one of the main areas of adaptive physical education.
Aim – to justify the use of athletics exercises in the sprint training of rugby players. Methods: theoretical methods of pedagogical research. Results and discussion. The modern game of rugby requires a player, regardless of his role and position on the field in the game, to be prepared to execute short, repetitive bursts of running at high intensity. It has been established that the structure of the sprint of rugby players is similar to the actions of a sprinter who has to perform a run from the start or an instant powerful acceleration in motion. The results of the analysis of the scientific and methodological literature and pedagogical modeling showed that in order to improve the rugby player's sprinting performance, the physical training coach should include in the training program plyometric exercises, fast squats with a barbell, towing a sled and exercises aimed at improving the technique of sprinting. It is these practical and scientifically proven means in the field of athletics that determine the impact on the structure of sprinting abilities of rugby players, identical to the sprinting characteristics of a player on the field. Conclusions. It has been established that rugby players need the ability to perform powerful quick movements in accordance with the structure inherent in short-distance runners. Therefore, there is an opportunity to build a sprint training program using exercises and training methodology for short-distance runners. Sprinting exercises should be selected taking into account the powerful short sprints that are inherent in the actions of a rugby player during the game. At the same time, the need for readiness for their serial implementation should be taken into account. Therefore, it is promising to develop a methodology for applying elements of sprinter training in the construction of sprint training for rugby players.
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