Рассматривается место и значение риторики для формирования первого этапа англо-американского прагматизма начала XX в. Анализируются место риторики в семиотике Пирса и его акценты на коммуникативный характер знания. Рассматривается отношение Дьюи к концепции коммуникации, повышение градуса его отношения к софистике в связи с влиянием философии Шиллера. Наконец рассматривается взаимное влияние концепций Джеймса и Шиллера, их роль в формировании прагматистской концепции истины. Ключевые слова: риторика; коммуникация; прагматизм; гуманизм; релятивизм; истина.
After the rhetoric has lost its disciplinary specifics, in the XX century there was a wave of renewed interest in it, expressed in the development of the study of argumentation as an independent field of knowledge. The origin of the rhetorical field in the theory of argumentation was initiated by Ch. Perelman. He rejects the strict logical form of the construction of the argument, since it does not take into account the goals, conditions, means and context of the argument. He examines argumentation as a process of interaction between the orator and the audience, and identifies and analyzes techniques that lead to conviction as a result. The main task of Ch. Perelman consists in improvement of the communicative practices in the society by justifying the indissoluble unity of the concepts of the audience and argumentation. The specific features of the rhetorical theory of argumentation consist in the concepts of argumentation as a unified network of arguments, a new understanding of the audience and its typology, a shift in the assessment of the quality of public communication from the orator to the audience, the concept of the starting point of the argument and the value of argument.
Currently, there are a s number of positions on periodization and stages of the evolutionary development of pragmatism. In contemporary philosophy and the history of philosophy there is no stable consensus as to who of the modern philosophers can be unambiguously ranked among pragmatists and neo-pragmatists, and also, from what point can one speak of the onset of the neo-pragmatist stage of development of this tradition. The lack of a unified approach, ultimately, makes it difficult to understand the content of pragmatism itself as a philosophical position due to the impossibility of linking to it any key figures and prominent researchers. The article discusses the main provisions and approaches to the periodization of the stages of the evolution of pragmatism, adopted in the scientific literature, and offers arguments in favor of some adjustments regarding the chronology of neo-pragmatism.
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