A state equation of thermally perfect and calorically imperfect gas is implemented in a 3D RANS solver for turbomachinery flow applications. The specific heats are assumed as linear functions of temperature. The model is validated on a five-stage low-pressure steam turbine. The computational results exhibit the process of expansion in the turbine. The computed and measured distributions of flow parameters in axial gaps downstream of subsequent turbine stages are found to agree reasonably well. It is also shown that the obtained numerical solution gives considerable improvement over the solution based on the thermally and calorically perfect gas model.
The paper describes an algorithm for the design of axial and radial-axial type turbines. The algorithm is based on using mathematical models of various levels of complexity -from 1D to 3D. Flow path geometry is described by means of analytical methods of profiling using a limited number of parameters. 3D turbulent flow model is realised in the program complex IPMFlow, developed based on the earlier codes FlowER and FlowER-U. Examples of developed or modernized turbines for differentpurpose power machines are presented. They are: an expansion turbine, ORC turbine and cogeneration mediumpressure turbine.
An approach to approximate equations of state for water and steam (IAPWS-95) for the calculation of three-dimensional flows of steam in turbomachinery in a range of operation of the present and future steam turbines is described. Test calculations of three-dimensional viscous flow in an LP steam turbine using various equations of state (perfect gas, Van der Waals equation, equation of state for water and steam IAPWS-95) are made. The comparison of numerical results with experimental data is also presented.Keywords: Three-dimensional viscous flow, steam turbine, low-pressure cylinder, sets of equations of state for water and steam IAPWS-95, approximations of equations
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