The modern state of criminality and its statistical analysis are an integral part of any criminological research including the field of sport. Besides the main factors forming the crime rate, the data of the judicial statistics are also influenced by the so-called minor factors that are beyond the statistics. The objective of the present research is to reveal the factors influencing the formation of indicators of statistics in the field of sport. The research uses the systematic, structural and functional, comparative and historical, and formal judicial methods that allowed determining the main directions and methods of execution of criminality recording in the field of sport that is highly latent. It was determined that there were discrepancies of the normative requirements with the qualification of wrongful acts that allowed revealing the particular correlation between the changes in the criminal law and the statistical indicators. The overrating of crime detection statistics by the particular changes in parameters of crime committed shall be called additional factors influencing the reliability and objectivity of the statistics. At the same time, the statistics of crime committed in the field of sport are required for prognostic purposes, as well as for preventive purposes, as its absence contradicts the social practice. This problem is especially acute for sportsmen who due to the reasons related, for example, to the harm injured to their health and life, do not have the ability to continue their professional career. It is a systematic approach to registering crimes committed in the field of sport that allows performing the crime prevention in full that can save also the health and life of a sportsman.
The relevance of the topic is evidenced by the fact that since introduction of criminal liability for inducing an athlete in the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation in 2016 as well as the usage of doping against an athlete, only one person has been convicted for inducing underage athletes to use prohibited substances (p. «b» part 2 of article 2301). At the same time the problem of doping in sports is still very much discussed not only in our country, but all over the world. The subject of the research is the international and Russian anti-doping legislation, the norms of Art. 2301, 2302 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, doctrinal provisions on the topic of this work. The purpose of this work is to analyze Art. 2301 and 2302 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, identifying qualification problems and formulating possible measures to combat doping in sports. The methodological basis of this study is the basic provisions of the dialectical method of cognition, general scientific and private scientific methods, such as comparative legal, concrete sociological, formal logical, systemic and historical. In the course of the work, an empirical study was carried out in the form of a questionnaire. As a result of the study, it was found that the lack of a systematic approach and the disagreements in the scientific community on certain points related to the signs of the offenses under Art. 2301, 2302 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation is one of the reasons that may affect the detection, investigation and disclosure of crimes related to the use of doping in sports.
The article analyzes the various approaches of scientists criminologists presented in the legal literature and its criminal-legal component to the problem of sports injuries. Further, an attempt is made to determine the criminal legal boundaries of causing physical harm (injury) in the process of sports, training. Particular emphasis is placed on the content of the subjective side of the actions of the wrecker. The authors analyze various approaches of forensic scientists to the problem of sports injuries and its criminal-legal component, presented in the legal literature, make an attempt to determine the criminal-legal boundaries of causing physical harm (injury) in the process of sports competitions, training. Special emphasis is placed on the content of the subjective side of the harm done by the inflictor. Proposals are formulated for law enforcement practice in terms of accounting for deliberate or careless violation of the rules of sports competitions. At the same time, special attention is paid to the problems of law enforcement, the existence of which is due to optional signs of the subjective side of crimes, which regulate responsibility for causing harm to life and health in the course of sports and sports. The authors come to the logical conclusion that when developing the criminal-legal content of lawful harm during sports, it is necessary to pay more attention to subjective elements and signs that characterize the internal attitude of the perpetrator to the actions he has committed and the consequences that have occurred as a result of these actions in situations of lawful harm.
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