Under present-day conditions of market economy, the requirements to the quality and quantity of livestock products increase significantly, and this leads to significant intensification of production and, as a consequence, to the development of metabolic disorders including ketosis in highly productive cows. The research goal was to study protein and mineral metabolism in ketotic cows before and after calving. The studies were conducted on the Training Farm «Prigorodnoye» in the City of Barnaul in autumn and winter in comparable Black-Pied cows. Two groups of cows were formed: the trial group consisted of ketotic cows; the control group consisted of apparently healthy cows. These cows underwent clinical and biochemical examination. The biochemical study of blood determined the following: total protein, albumins, alpha-globulins, beta-globulins, gamma-globulins, total calcium, inorganic phosphorus and ketone bodies. The biochemical blood tests were run 4 times: 2 months and 1 month before calving, and in 10 days and in 1 month after calving. It was found that the change of protein metabolism indices in ketotic cows showed a profound disorder of the protein synthesis function of liver both before and after calving. The level of total calcium in the blood of ketotic cows was characterized by lower values as compared to that in healthy comparable cows. At the same time, the dynamics of inorganic phosphorus concentration change did not have significant differences between ketotic and healthy cows. Total calcium content in ketotic cows increased one month before calving while in apparently healthy cows this index increased after calving only. The concentration of ketone bodies in the blood of ketotic cows was significantly higher than that of apparently healthy cows throughout the study.
Currently, in connection with the active development of dairy farming in Russia, the main requirement is to increase the dairy productivity of cattle and improve the quality of primary products. Despite the successes achieved in studying the causes of the development and pathogenesis of endometritis, the development of prevention methods, the frequency of their manifestation, especially in highly productive dairy herds, has no tendency to decrease. We conducted an experiment to study the effectiveness of the Flunex biogenic preparation with the Ceftonite gynecological suppositories in a comparative aspect with other known preparations with acute catarrhal-purulent endometritis. When conducting the experiment, before determining the therapeutic efficacy of the above drugs, anamnestic data were collected, the general condition, fatness and physique of the animal were determined. When using the tissue preparation Flunex with the gynecological suppositories Ceftonite for therapeutic purposes, with acute catarrhal-purulent endometritis of cows, recovery is faster than when using natural colostrum in combination with ichthyol suppositories.
The pancreas performs the functions of both external and internal secretion, has a great influence on the growth and development of young cattle. Thus, the function of the external secretion is the synthesis and excretion of juice into the duodenum, which includes digestive enzymes and electrolytes, and the internal secretion is the synthesis and excretion of hormones into the blood. Timely identification of the causes of developing deviations from the norm in the body and the adoption of appropriate measures is due to the fact that when raising cattle at industrial enterprises, diseases are widespread, and the manifestation of clinical signs of the disease in one animal often signals the presence of problems in the entire sex and age population. The aim of our research was to determine the functional state of the pancreas in newborn calves during rehabilitation after antibiotic therapy for dyspepsia. The research was carried out on a farm located on the territory of the Altai Territory. In the course of the research, three experimental groups of calves were formed, in which the clinical, biochemical and morphological status was studied. To obtain the results of biochemical studies, a biochemical semi-automatic analyzer with an open Clima MC – 15, RAL system was used, and for morphological studies, an automatic analyzer with a closed MicroCC-20Plus system was used. In the course of the research, it was found that the studied indicators blood samples indicate a violation of intestinal absorption and exocrine pancreatic insufficiency caused by dyspepsia and subsequent antibiotic therapy, while calves from the experimental group receiving the probiotic complex Vetom 1.2 showed better dynamics in restoring homeostasis after the disease.
An important element in solving problems relating to the preservation of young cattle livestock and production increase of livestock products is a timely diagnosis, prevention and treatment of diseases of non-communicable etiology, among which one of the most common is bronchopneumonia. Therefore, the development of effective methods of treatment and prevention of this pathology is an urgent problem of veterinary medicine. Despite a large number of scientific researches, many issues of etiology, pathogenesis, treatment and prevention of this disease remain insufficiently studied, especially the state of the natural resistance of calves suffering from catarrhal bronchopneumonia, which is the basis for choosing a method of treatment and prevention of this disease. The disease leads to calves deep, sometimes irreversible disturbances of bronchopulmonary system functions. Lung function is one of the first to be disrupted, playing an important role in the protective immunological reactions of the body, through which there is an increase in virulence of microorganisms, which leads to the general intoxication and severe bronchopneumonia. The situation on non-specific bronchopneumonia of calves in the Lower Volga region is tense, but it is to the same extent as in other regions having problems with this pathology. It is obvious that the susceptibility of calves to respiratory diseases is formed under the influence of antenatal influences and is manifested in the presence of adverse environmental factors leading to depletion of reserves adaptation in the first months of animal life. The obtained set of regional characteristics of bronchopneumonia of non-infectious etiology allows to consider this pathology as an indicator of the ecological unwell-being of big cattle herds in the Lower Volga region.
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