A lack of rigorously designed trials (excluding one recent German study) provides only limited evidence of the effectiveness of educational and psychological interventions in helping to manage the condition of children with atopic eczema. Evidence from included studies and also adult studies indicates that different service delivery models (multi-professional eczema school and nurse-led clinics) require further and comparative evaluation to examine their cost-effectiveness and suitability for different health systems.

This review demonstrates the feasibility and benefits of theory-led review of studies of nursing practice, and proposes a dynamic model of implementation. Normalisation Process Theory supports the analysis of nursing work. It characterises mechanisms by which work is made coherent and meaningful, is formed around sets of relational commitments, is enacted and contextualised, and is appraised and reconfigured. It facilitates such analysis from within the frame of nursing knowledge and practice itself.

The electrodynamic properties of the quasi-two-dimensional heavy fermion superconductor CeCoIn5 have been investigated by microwave surface impedance measurements over a wide range of microwave frequencies and temperatures. We derive a value penetration depth lambda(0) approximately 190 nm, with a strong linear term in the temperature dependence of lambda(T) below T(c)/3, consistent with a superconducting gap with line nodes. The real part of the conductivity displays a broad peak at low temperatures consistent with a decreased scattering rate of almost 2 orders of magnitude below T(c). CeCoIn5 has remarkably similar properties to those of the high-T(c) cuprates.

The English IPA is a valid, reliable and acceptable measure of participation and autonomy in people with a range of conditions and can make a unique and fundamental contribution to outcome assessment. Further research is required to examine the responsiveness of the IPA to change over time, its clinical utility and suitability for use with people from ethnic minorities and with older people.

The cross-cultural validity of the Impact on Participation and Autonomy questionnaire Abstract Purpose To evaluate the cross-cultural validity of the five subscales of the Impact on Participation and Autonomy (IPA) measure and the full 31-item scale. MethodData from two validation studies (Dutch and English) were pooled (n=106).Participants (aged 18-75), known to rehabilitation services or GP practices, had conditions ranging from minor ailments to significant disability. Validity of the five subscales and the total scale was examined using Rasch analysis (Partial Credit Model). P-values smaller than 0.01 were employed to allow for multiple testing. ResultsA number of items in all the subscales except 'Outdoor Autonomy' needed rescoring.One 'Indoor Autonomy' item showed uniform DIF by country and was split by country. One 'Work and Education' item displayed uniform and non-uniform DIF by gender. All the subscales fitted the Rasch model and were invariant across country. A 30-item IPA also fitted the Rasch model. ConclusionThe IPA subscales and a 30-item scale are invariant across the two cultures and gender. The IPA can be used validly to assess participation and autonomy in these 4 populations. Further analyses are required to examine whether the IPA is invariant across differing levels of disability and other disease groups not included in this study. 5The cross-cultural validity of the Impact on Participation and Autonomy questionnaire