Pigeons were trained in a within-subjects design to discriminate durations of a filled interval (2 s and 8 s of light) and durations of an empty interval (2 s and 8 s bound by two 500-ms light markers). Filled intervals required a response to one set of comparisons (e.g., blue vs. yellow), whereas empty intervals required a response to a different set of comparisons (e.g., red vs. green). Psychophysical testing indicated that empty intervals were judged to be longer than equivalent durations of a filled interval. This finding was replicated when the anchor durations used during training were changed to 1 s and 4 s, or 4 s and 16 s. The difference between the point of subjective equality (PSE) for the empty intervals and the PSE for filled intervals increased as the magnitude of the anchor duration pairs increased. In addition, the difference limens (DL) for empty intervals were smaller than those for filled intervals, and they also increased as the magnitude of anchor duration pairs increased. An analysis of the Weber fractions (WF; i.e., DL/PSE) provided evidence for superimposition of the empty and filled timing functions across the different sets of anchor durations. These results suggest that the accumulation of subjective time was greater for empty intervals than for filled intervals. Within the framework of scalar timing theory, this difference in timing appeared to be the result of a clock rate difference rather than a switch latency difference.The ability of humans and animals to perceive and remember time has often been investigated with a temporal bisection procedure. In this procedure, subjects are trained to choose between two responses ("short" or "long") following one of two training durations. Once a high level of accuracy is achieved, intermediate durations are introduced, but responses on these trials are not reinforced. From this procedure, a psychophysical function can be generated, and the point of subjective equality (PSE) can be calculated. The PSE is the value on the time dimension at which the subject displays indifference between choosing the "short" or the "long" response. Although studies with animals (Church & Deluty, 1977;Gibbon, 1986)

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Objective: An open trial of an internet-based Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (iCBT) program for healthcare workers was conducted. Methods: Healthcare workers on disability leave who used the iCBT program were assessed on: self-reported depression and anxiety symptoms using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21; and, program usage. Healthcare workers’ experience of using iCBT was evaluated in a separate survey. Results: Of the 497 healthcare workers referred to the iCBT program, 51% logged in, 25% logged in more than once, and 12% logged in more than once and completed at least two assessments. For the latter group, self-reported depression and anxiety symptoms significantly decreased from the first assessment. Conclusions: This iCBT program was perceived to be of benefit to healthcare workers, with program usage and effectiveness that was similar to what has been previously reported for unguided iCBT.