Diagnóstico clínico, laboratorial e tratamento cirúrgico do carcinoma de células escamosas no genital de equinos machos: relatos de dois casos* Clinical and laboratorial diagnosis and surgical treatment of genital squamous cell carcinoma in male horses: report of two cases
Apesar da importância de se conhecerem os dados epidemiológicos sobre as enfermidades que acometem a genitália externa de touros, poucas investigações têm sido conduzidas sobre o tema. Este trabalho objetiva realizar um estudo epidemiológico de enfermidades diagnosticadas na genitália externa de touros, em 215 propriedades rurais distribuídas nas cinco mesorregiões do Estado de Goiás, Brasil, entre os anos de 2007 e 2013. Pôde-se notar que o maior número de casos foi verificado na mesorregião do sudoeste goiano (64%), seguida do noroeste de Goiás (18,5%). Verificou-se que, dos touros afetados, 156 (71,89%) eram zebuínos, 47 (21,66%) taurinos e 14 (6,45%) mestiços. Dentre as enfermidades, a acropostite-fimose se destacou, seguida do fibropapiloma de glande, abscesso prepucial e fratura peniana. Confirmaram-se como fatores de risco, aspectos multifatoriais, com destaque para a condição morfológicas dos animais, ambiente, manejo e os traumas. Em muitos casos, a ausência ou o número insuficiente de médicos veterinários capacitados que atuam no campo foi mencionado como um dos principais pontos de estrangulamento para a realização do diagnóstico, tratamento e prevenção das enfermidades, o que evitaria o descarte prematuro dos animais.
RESUMODentre as enfermidades que acometem a genitália externa de touros, a acropostitefimose merece destaque. Em alguns casos, pode-se diagnosticar severo comprometimento da mucosa do folheto prepucial interno o que pode inviabilizar a cirurgia. Dentre as complicações, quando se opta pelo ato operatório, o comprometimento da extremidade livre do pênis não tem sido apontado como sequela frequente. Este trabalho objetiva descrever os achados clínicos e histopatológicos, de um caso incomum de estenose e fibrose do folheto prepucial interno com consequente necrose da extremidade livre do pênis, como intercorrência após a cirurgia de acropostite-fimose. Durante o procedimento foram colhidos fragmentos das áreas lesionadas para exame histopatológico. Não foi possível efetuar a correção cirúrgica da fimose prepucial, sendo a amputação de um segmento peniano necessária. O procedimento foi respaldado pelos achados histopatológicos, confirmando a gravidade do caso. O laudo histopatológico revelou glande com áreas focalmente extensas e superficiais de necrose, dentre outros achados. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Bovinos, genitália externa, impotência coeundi, reprodutores. NECROSIS OF THE FREE END OF THE PENIS AS COMPLICATION OF ACROPOSTITIS-PHIMOSIS IN BULLABSTRACT Among the diseases that affect the external genitalia of bulls the acropostitephimosis deserves emphasi. In some cases can be diagnosed severe mucosal involvement of the internal leaflet preputial which can cripple surgery. Among the complications, when opting for surgery, is the compromising the free end of the penis that has not been appointed as common sequela. This paper aims to describe the clinical and histopathological findings of an unusual case of stenosis and fibrosis of
Influence of different digital diseases in lameness of dairy cows in southwest of the state of Goiás* Influência de diferentes enfermidades digitais na claudicação de vacas leiteiras no sudoeste de Goiás
In vivo biocompatibility of nanostructured Chitosan/Peo membranes ABSTRACTElectrospinning is a technique that allows the preparation of nanofibers from various materials. Chitosan is a natural and abundant easily obtained polymer, which, in addition to those features, proved to be biocompatible. This work used nanostructured chitosan and polyoxyethylene membranes as subcutaneous implants in Wistar rats to evaluate the biocompatibility of the material. Samples of the material and tissues adjacent to the implant were collected 7, 15, 30, 45 and 60 days post-implantation. Macroscopic integration of the material to the tissues was observed in the samples and slides for histopathological examination that were prepared. It was noticed that the material does not stimulate the formation of adherences to the surrounding tissues and that there is initial predominance of neutrophilia and lymphocytosis, with a declining trend according to the increase of time, featuring a non-persistent acute inflammatory process. However, the material showed fast degradation, impairing the macroscopic observation after fifteen days of implantation. It was concluded that the material is biocompatible and that new studies should be conducted, modifying the time of degradation by changes in obtaining methods and verifying the biocompatibility in specific tissues for biomedical applications.
Trauma or disease inflicted by tissue injuries may cause tissue degeneration. The use of biomaterials for direct or indirect repair has emerged as a promising alternative, and has become an important research topic. The pequi fruit (Caryocar brasiliense Camb.) has shown antifungal, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, healing, antitumor, and antioxidant properties. The objective of this study was to develop a new biomaterial using a combination of collagen, gelatin, and pulp pequi oil, and to evaluate its biocompatibility in comparison with that of biomaterials produced without pulp pequi oil. Membranes were prepared from a mixture of bovine tendon collagen, commercial gelatin, and pulp pequi oil. The inflammatory and cicatricial processes were assessed via histopathology of the tissue interface/implants in the subcutaneous tissues and quantitative evaluation of leukocyte and collagen production in Wistar rats. It was observed that the presence of pequi oil reduced the amount of foreign-body giant cells and favored the recruitment of fibroblasts (P< 0.01), thereby promoting greater production of collagen membrane than that in the membranes of control samples. Therefore, it can be concluded that the addition of pequi oil improved the biocompatibility of collagen and accelerated the healing process.
The scientific literature lacks detailed morphological descriptions of the histological development and cell differentiation of fetal bovine hoof. In this study, 40 extremity members of Holstein bovine fetuses were collected and divided into four groups (G1 to G4) based on the estimated age. Fragments were removed from wall and sole, processed and stained with hematoxylin -eosin (HE) for light microscopy observation. In G1, it was found that the epidermis was very thin, including keratinocyte layers and clusters of mesenchymal cells. In group G2 it was observed that the thickness of the epidermis covering the limbs remained variable and laminar corium developed in the germinal layer. In group G3 it was noted that in the germinal epithelium there were papillae in little advanced development and cells of the stratum corneum in the initial process of keratinization. In G4, the epidermis was well developed with layers distributed homogeneously, containing symmetrical and long papillae and intense production of keratin. In this work, the most important cellular events for the formation of the fetal hoof in Holstein cattle were first described in different stages of their formation.Keywords: bovine hoof, podiatry, fetal development RESUMO A literatura científica carece de descrições morfológicas detalhadas sobre o desenvolvimento histológico e diferenciação celular do casco fetal bovino. Neste estudo, 40 extremidades de membros de fetos bovinos da raça Holandesa foram coletados e divididos em quatro grupos (G1 a G4) com base na estimativa da idade. Desses membros, foram retirados fragmentos da parede e sola, processados e corados por hematoxilina-eosina (HE
ResumoDentre os diversos tumores que acometem bovinos, o carcinoma de células escamosas ocular é o mais frequente nessa espécie, determinando prejuízos consideráveis nos criatórios. São vários os fatores envolvidos na patogênese, porém a constante exposição à luz ultravioleta e a quantidade reduzida de pigmentação em torno dos olhos estão relacionados com a maior prevalência. A neoplasia ocorre principalmente na pálpebra inferior, membrana nictitante e a junção corneoescleral. São descritos dois casos incomuns de carcinoma de células escamosas oculares que resultaram em metástases múltiplas para linfonodo regional, glândulas salivares e pulmão em vacas criadas do Sudoeste de Goiás. Histopatologia de todos os casos revelou proliferação de blocos hipercelulares de queratinócitos neoplásicos. As células possuíam citoplasma amplo e eosinofílico, núcleo arredondado, central e basofílico, com cromatina frouxa e um a dois nucléolos grandes e proeminentes. Havia anisocariose e anisocitose acentuadas e sete a dez mitoses em dez campos de 400X. Exposição prolongada aos raios solares e despigmentação dos tecidos primários afetados foram considerados fatores predisponentes importantes.Palavras-chave: doenças de bovinos, neoplasia, olho, pulmão. AbstractAmong the various tumor affecting cattle, ocular squamous cell carcinoma is the most common in this species, causing considerable losses to farms. Several factors involved in the pathogenesis, but constant exposure to ultraviolet light and the reduced amount of pigmentation around the eyes are related to higher prevalence. The tumor occurs mainly in the lower eyelid, the nictitating membrane and corneoescleral junction. Two unusual cases of ocular squamous cell carcinoma that resulted in multiple metastases to regional lymph node, salivary gland and lung in cows created in southwest Goiás. Histopathology exams of all cases revealed hypercellular proliferation of neoplastic keratinocytes blocks. Cells had broad and eosinophilic cytoplasm, rounded nuclei and central basophilic, with loose chromatin and one to two large and prominent nucleoli. There was marked anisocytosis and anisokaryosis seven to ten mitoses in ten 400X fields. Prolonged exposure to sunlight and depigmentation of the affected primary tissues were considered important predisposing factors.
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