Objective:To analyze factors associated with the prevalence of maltreatment and bullying and to identify types of involvement (verbal, physical, social, sexual, cyberbullying) among high school students aged 15 to 19 years.Methods:A cross-sectional, school-based epidemiological survey was performed. The sample included 2,293 adolescents from public and private schools in the Greater Vitoria area (state of Espírito Santo, Brazil). A modified version of the Brazilian Portuguese Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire was used.Results:Among maltreatment behaviors, 43.3% of adolescents reported having been victims vs. 40.4% reporting to be aggressors. Among bullying behaviors, 41% reported victimization and 29.1% aggression. The most frequent types of bullying were verbal (victim = 33.8%, bully = 23.1%), social (victim = 21.8%, bully = 16.9%), and physical bullying (victim = 15.1%, bully = 8.7%). Of those reporting to be victims, 37.5% stated that they did not react as frequently as they were attacked. Almost half of the students (50.9%) identified themselves as victims, without practicing any type of aggression against another schoolmate. School network (public or private) and gender were significantly associated with victimization and aggression behaviors.Conclusion:The adolescents identified as victims did not generally attack other students, i.e., did not identify themselves as perpetrators. The high prevalence of maltreatment and bullying detected in this study, especially the verbal, social, and physical types, underscores the need for interventions addressing bullying in schools.

No abstract

Aim: To investigate the prevalence of dental fractures and their association with risk factors in the permanent dentition of adolescents in Valinhos, SP, Brazil. Methods: The study population was obtained using the probability sampling method and comprised 379 students between 13 and 19 years old enrolled in the eight State schools of the city, who were examined by nine pairs of calibrated dentists (Kappa>0.80). The presence of dental fractures in permanent anterior incisors, as well as the presence of considerable overjet (> > > > > 5mm) and lip seal was evaluated in a clinicalepidemiological examination. Results: The prevalence of dental trauma was 27.1%. The most frequent lesions were enamel fractures (72.6%) of which falls were the main cause (45.7%). No association was found between the presence of considerable overjet and deficient lip seal (chisquare test; p>0.05). Conclusions: The prevalence of dental trauma in the studied population was expressive when compared with the literature, but the analyzed oral aspects did not contribute to its occurrence.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a associação entre capital social e bullying em adolescentes de 15 a 19 anos em escolas do ensino médio na Região Metropolitana da Grande Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brasil. Foi realizado um inquérito epidemiológico seccional de base escolar, com amostra formada por 2.293 estudantes, estratificada por município de localização escolar. Foram executadas estatísticas descritivas e inferenciais a partir de dois instrumentos: o “Questionário integrado para medir capital social do Banco Mundial” e o “Olweus bully/victim questionnaire”, em versões adaptadas. Os resultados demostraram que as vítimas de bullying tiveram maiores chances de apresentar baixo nível de capital social cognitivo (p = 0,001; OR = 1,9; IC 95% = 1,29-2,68), subjacente (p = 0,002; OR = 1,7; IC 95% = 1,20-2,38) e total (p < 0,001; OR = 1,80; IC 95% = 1,32-2,59). Os agressores de bullying foram associados a baixos níveis de capital social cognitivo (p < 0,001; OR = 3,2; IC 95% = 2,34-4,44) e total (p = 0,042; OR = 1,7; IC 95% = 1,24-2,27). Elevados níveis de capital social estão relacionados à redução dos comportamentos de vitimização e de agressão por bullying. Portanto, deve-se promover relações sociais saudáveis nos espaços de convivência comum dos adolescentes para estimular outras reações positivas nos ambientes escolares.

Bullying and public health

<strong>Objective:</strong> To evaluate the diagnostic reliability of a simplified tool to detect high-risk overjet for dental trauma. <strong>Material and </strong><strong>Methods:</strong> The study population was composed of 131 volunteers divided into two groups according to the overjet measurement in terms of risk for traumatic dental injury (GRAB: risk absent and GRPR: risk present). The distance between the most prominent labial surface and its corresponding counterpart was measured using both the conventional (WHO, 1997) and the simplified tool. The measurements were taken independently and on separate occasions by two previously calibrated dental surgeons (Kappa=0.86). The gold standard method, as recommended by the WHO (1997), was performed by an external examiner. The simplified method, based on pencil-marked wooden tongue depressors was carried out in a blind manner by the other examiner. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were calculated for the classification of risk for dental trauma in terms of overjet using the simplified method and compared to the conventional method. <strong>Results:</strong> The results revealed high values for sensitivity (S=1), specificity (E=0.93), positive (PPV=0.95) and negative predictive value (NPV=1). <strong>Conclusion:</strong> The examination using the simplified tool was reliable in identifying high-risk overjet, thus offering an alternative to the conventional examination.