Resumo OBJETIVO: Avaliar a adequação do processo de assistência pré-natal segundo os parâmetros do Programa de Humanização do Pré-natal e Nascimento (PHPN), acrescido dos procedimentos previstos pela Rede Cegonha, no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) de uma microrregião do Espírito Santo, Brasil. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado um estudo transversal, em 2012-2013, por meio de entrevistas e de análise do Cartão da Gestante e do prontuário do recém-nascido, com 742 puérperas em 7 maternidades da região escolhida para a pesquisa. As informações foram coletadas, processadas e submetidas aos testes do χ 2 e exato de Fisher para testar a diferença de proporção entre os critérios adotados pelo PHPN mais a Rede Cegonha e o local de moradia, renda familiar mensal e modalidade de cobertura do serviço pré-natal. Foi considerado um nível de significância de 5%. RESULTADOS: Os parâmetros que apresentaram as menores taxas de adequação foram os testes rápidos e os exames de repetição, com frequências em torno de 10 e 30%, respectivamente, além das atividades educativas (57,9%) e da imunização antitetânica (58,7%). Já os parâmetros manejo do risco (92,6%) e exame de glicemia de jejum (91,3%) apresentaram os melhores resultados. Foi encontrada adequação de 7,4% para o PHPN, de 0,4% para a Rede Cegonha, no que diz respeito aos parâmetros da gravidez de risco habitual, e de 0 para os de alto risco. Houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre as puérperas segundo local de moradia para realização de sorologia para sífilis (VDRL), teste anti-HIV e repetição de glicemia de jejum, e a renda familiar mensal influenciou a realização dos exames tipagem sanguínea/fator Rh, VDRL, hematócrito e teste anti-HIV. CONCLUSÃO: A assistência pré-natal no SUS mostrou-se inadequada, de acordo com os procedimentos previstos pelo PHPN e Rede Cegonha na microrregião de um estado do Sudeste brasileiro, principalmente para as mulheres de menor renda, usuárias do PACS e residentes na zona rural. Abstract PURPOSE:To evaluate the adequacy of the process of prenatal care according to the parameters of the Program for the Humanization of Prenatal Care (PHPN) and of the procedures provided by the Stork Network of Unified Health System (SUS) in the microregion of Espirito Santo state, Brazil. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2012-2013 by interviewing and analyzing the records of 742 women during the postpartum period and of their newborns in 7 hospitals in the region chosen for the research. The information was collected, processed and analyzed by the χ 2 and Fisher's exact test to determine the difference in proportion between the criteria adopted by the PHPN and the Stork Network and the place of residence, family income and type of coverage of prenatal service. The level of significance was set at 5%. RESULTS: The parameters showing the lowest adequacy rate were quick tests and repeated exams, with frequencies around 10 and 30%, respectively, in addition to educational activities (57.9%) and tetanus immunization (58.7%). In contrast, risk managemen...

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ResumoAs representações sociais das puérperas sobre o acesso ao cuidado pré-natal destacam aspectos relacionados às barreiras de acesso e às formas de sua superação. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar o acesso ao cuidado pré-natal a partir das representações sociais de usuárias do Sistema Único de Saúde. A partir de 1.035 puérperas, selecionaram-se 24 puérperas da Região Metropolitana da Grande Vitória, Espírito Santo: um grupo de 14 puérperas que realizou mais de seis consultas de pré-natal e um grupo de 10 puérperas que realizou nenhuma ou até três consultas. Entrevistas individuais abordaram qualitativamente questões sobre o acesso aos serviços de saúde, segundo as dimensões disponibilidade, capacidade de pagar e aceitabilidade. A análise de conteúdo temática revelou situações de acesso satisfatório, mas também a existência de barreiras de acesso geográfico, organizacionais, indisponibilidade de recursos materiais e humanos, custos diretos e indiretos para a obtenção do cuidado e expectativas não atendidas sobre os procedimentos e os aspectos mais subjetivos, resultados semelhantes nos dois grupos estudados. As diferenças na capacidade de enfrentamento desses obstáculos foram determinantes para o acesso adequado ao cuidado pré-natal. Considera-se que incluir as representações sociais das gestantes na avaliação do cuidado pré-natal facilita a adoção de medidas que assegurem a melhoria do acesso. Palavras-chave: Cuidado Pré-natal; Acesso aos Serviços de Saúde; Representações Sociais.

This review sought to identify the available scientific evidence on risk factors associated with adverse reactions to antituberculosis drugs. We performed a systematic review of studies published in the 1965-2012 period and indexed in the MEDLINE and LILACS databases. A total of 1,389 articles were initially selected. After reading their abstracts, we selected 85 studies. Of those 85 studies, 16 were included in the review. Risk factors for adverse reactions to antituberculosis drugs included age > 60 years, treatment regimens, alcoholism, anemia, and HIV co-infection, as well as sodium, iron, and albumin deficiency. Protective factors against hepatic adverse effects of antituberculosis drugs included being male (combined OR = 0.38; 95% CI: 0.20-0.72) and showing a rapid/intermediate N-acetyltransferase 2 acetylator phenotype (combined OR = 0.41; 95% CI: 0.18-0.90). There is evidence to support the need for management of adverse reactions to antituberculosis drugs at public health care facilities.

Abstract

This study sought to evaluate the self-perceived response to dental care during prenatal assistance in the Unified Health System (SUS) in the Metropolitan Region of Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil. 1032 postpartum women were interviewed and 1006 prenatal records copied. Postpartum women's self-perceived response was measured by the Oral Health Index Profile-14. When an impact was identified, dental care rendered in educational, preventive and curative terms was considered adequate. When there was no impact, assistance was considered adequate in educational and preventive terms. The Chi-square test revealed an association between prenatal care and dental care. Oral health impact on quality of life was 14.7%. Dental care received by mothers in educational terms was rated at 41.3%, while in preventive terms it was 21% and in curative terms it was 16.6%. Six or more prenatal appointments coupled with educational activities was closely associated with adequate dental care (p < 0.05). Access to dental care is facilitated when pregnant women attend health services and become involved in educational activities during the prenatal period. Consequently, educational measures appear to indicate an improvement in prenatal care in the SUS.

This study aimed to assess the completeness of prenatal care information on the patients' prenatal care cards, according to coverage by various public health services: Family Health Strategy (FHS), Community-Based Health Workers' Program (CBHWP), and traditional Primary Care Units (PCU) in Greater Metropolitan Vitória, Espírito Santo State, Brazil. In a cross-sectional study, 1,006 prenatal cards were randomly selected from postpartum women at maternity hospitals in the metropolitan area. Completeness of the cards was assessed according to the criteria proposed by Romero & Cunha, which measure the quality on a scale from excellent (< 5% incomplete cards) to very bad (> 50% incomplete cards). In general, completion of information on the cards was bad (> 20% incomplete), but cards were filled out better in the FHS than in the CBHWP and PCU, especially for tetanus vaccination (p = 0.016) and gestational weight (p = 0.039). In conclusion, the quality of prenatal care in the public health system in Greater Metropolitan Vitória fails to meet the Brazilian national guidelines for maternal and child health.

This study aimed to investigate the existence and magnitude of the association between advanced maternal age (AMA) and occurrence of placenta praevia (PP) and placental abruption (PA) among nulliparous and multiparous women, by a systematic review and meta-analysis. We searched articles published between January 1, 2005 and December 31, 2015, in any language, in the following databases: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and LILACS. Women were grouped into two age categories: up to 34 years old and 35 years or older. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to evaluate the methodological quality of the studies. A meta-analysis was conducted for the PP and PA outcomes, using a meta-regression model to find possible covariates associated with heterogeneity among the studies and Egger's test to assess publication bias. The protocol of this systematic review was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) system (CRD42016045594). Twenty-three studies met the criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. For both outcomes, an increase in age increased the magnitude of association strength, and PP (OR = 3.16, 95%CI: 2.79-3.57) was more strongly associated with AMA than PA (OR = 1.44, 95%CI: 1.35-1.54). For parity, there was no difference between nulliparous and multiparous women considered older for the PP and PA outcomes. Our review provided very low-quality evidence for both outcomes, since it encompasses observational studies with high statistical heterogeneity, diversity of populations, no control of confounding factors in several cases, and publication bias. However, the confidence intervals were small and there is a dose-response gradient, as well as a large magnitude of effect for PP.