Introdução: A apneia obstrutiva do sono (AOS) é um transtorno de alta prevalência na população mundial, causando fragmentação do sono, excitação cortical e queda na saturação de oxigênio no sangue. Tendo em vista sua complexidade e heterogeneidade clínica, vê-se a necessidade de compreender as possíveis complicações desse distúrbio, principalmente quanto ao risco de eventos cardiovasculares, com alta morbimortalidade associada. Objetivo: Verificar evidências que comprovem as alterações cardiovasculares da apneia obstrutiva do sono. Resultados: O estresse oxidativo, a ativação simpática e as respostas inflamatórias causados pela AOS desencadeiam hipóxia intermitente, a médio e longo prazo. Além disso, corroboram em lesões endoteliais, facilitando o desenvolvimento de fenômenos isquêmicos e tromboembólicos como a hipertensão pulmonar, síndrome coronariana aguda, infarto agudo do miocárdio, acidente vascular encefálico e doença arterial periférica de membros inferiores. Observa-se ainda que a gravidade da AOS tem sólida ligação com maior risco de eventos cardiovasculares, principalmente quando associados a um comprometimento da função pulmonar. Considerações Finais: No manejo clínico de pacientes com AOS, é importante considerar o aumento do risco de ocorrência de doenças cardiovasculares. Sugere-se que profissionais de saúde, juntamente com as autoridades responsáveis pela elaboração dos protocolos internacionais das doenças cardiovasculares, considerassem a complexidade da apneia do sono na tentativa de reduzir os agravos de morbidade e mortalidade. Palavras-chave: “Cardiovascular diseases”, “Heart Diseases Risk Factors” e “Sleep Wake Disorders”.
BACKGROUNDBrazil notifies about 30,000 new cases of acute rheumatic fever (ARF) annually according to the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. This disease has treatment provided by the unified health system (SUS), which eradicates the infection and prevents the manifestation of rheumatic fever. However, it is known that even with the medication offered, the data from the SUS's Hospital Information System (SIH) show the opposite. Therefore, this study aims to quantitatively describe the cases of hospitalizations due to ARF in children aged 5 to 14 years in Brazil from 2016 to 2021, and to verify its prevalence, in order to analyze the epidemiological profile. MATERIALS AND METHODSThis is a cross-sectional, observational, quantitative and descriptive study, the period studied was from April 2016 to 2021. Data were obtained from (DATASUS) in the epidemiological and morbidity category. The option selected was "SUS hospital morbidity, by place of residence -Brazil, as of 2008" with national coverage by Brazilian regions. The filter for data collection in the ICD-10 morbidity list was ARF in the age group 1 and 2, from "5 to 9 years old" and from "10 to 14 years old", with an urgent care character. In addition, admissions of all networks, both genders, including all races, were considered.
BACKGROUNDThe systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease that affects multiple organs being, between the systemic diseases, the one with the greatest cardiovascular impact. The cardiac involvement can involve the valves, pericardium, myocardium and predisposition to coronary artery disease. The orovalvar alterations are caused by the deposition of immunoglobulins and the complement occurs at the end of the clinical curse of the disease and the absent of active states. The objective of this study was to verify the prevalence of valvar diseases in patients with SLE. METHODSSystematic revision of literature realized between June and July 2021, in the databases of PubMed, LILACS and Google Scholar. The health sciences descriptors were "aortic valve diseases" and "lupus erythematosus", cross-checked by the Boolean operator AND. According to the PRISMA guidelines, this study included transversals works that approached the prevalence of valve diseases and that was published between 2016 and 2021.
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