Hate crime laws are a highly controversial legal approach in society's response to intergroup violence. Argument acceptance, knowledge, and individual differences were examined in relationship to attitudes about these laws. These variables were also considered in terms of efforts to influence a peer's beliefs about hate crime laws. One-hundred and sixty-seven participants completed a measure of knowledge of human rights laws, Gough's Pr scale, the Selznick and Steinberg anti-Semitism scale, and Cuellar's Machismo scale. Hate crime attitudes were measured on an affect rating scale and six statements reflecting arguments favoring and opposing hate crime laws. Peer influence was examined on Interpersonal Power Inventory (IPI). Results showed that while most participants endorsed positive attitudes about hate crime laws, men-and both women and men who endorsed machismo attitudes-were more likely to agree with media distortion and identity politics arguments opposing hate crime laws. The Pr and machismo scales predicted greater effort on the IPI to influence peer attitudes about hate crime laws, after controlling for demographic differences of the participants. These findings indicate that more explicitly biased individuals were more effortful in trying to change the attitudes of peers concerning the legitimacy of hate crime laws.
After the Mexican Revolution (1910-1920), an ambitious project of national reconstruction began in which education and health were two priorities in the consolidation of a new nation. In this context of social, cultural, and political transformation, mental hygiene was a field that made it possible to articulate the professional practice of psychiatrists with the project of the nation promoted by postrevolutionary governments. In Mexico, the mental hygiene movement was headed by the same doctors who professionalized the practice of psychiatry and made it a specialized field of knowledge. The first generation of psychiatrists managed to integrate mental hygiene into health and education policies during the socialist administration of president Lázaro Cárdenas; a phenomenon that made evident the articulation between mental hygiene, social medicine, and nationalist discourse. Discussion will focus on proposals made from the perspective of mental hygiene as a function of two social sectors regarded as priorities by the Cárdenas government: children and workers.
Un crimen cometido en estado de ira e intenso dolor. Degeneracionismo y psiquiatría en la defensa de Jorge Eliecer Gaitán a Jorge Zawadzky, Colombia, 1935Resumen: El reconocido periodista Jorge Zawadzky asesinó al médico Arturo Mejía Marulanda en agosto de 1933 en la ciudad de Cali, Colombia. Dos años después, la familia del fallecido decidió llevar a cabo un juicio contra el agresor. El abogado defensor fue Jorge Eliecer Gaitán, quien usó el estado mental del periodista como atenuante jurídico, empresa en la que fue apoyado por dos reconocidos psiquiatras: Miguel Jiménez López y Edmundo Rico. Este artículo analiza la forma en que estos psiquiatras utilizaron argumentos "científicos" para demostrar que una "pasión incontrolada" justificaba la acción criminal de Zawadzky.Palabras clave: degeneracionismo, peritajes psiquiátricos, Gaitán, Zawadzky, enfermedad mental. A crime committed in a state of rage and intense distress. Degenerationism and psychiatry in the defense of Jorge Zawadzky by Jorge Eliecer Gaitán, Colombia, 1935Abstract: The famous journalist Jorge Zawazky murdered the medical doctor Arturo Mejía Marulanda in august 1933 in Cali city, Colombia. Two years after the crime, the victim's family started a legal process against the aggressor. The defense lawyer was Jorge Eliecer Gaitan, who used the mental state of the journalist as a juridical attenuant. This argument was supported by two recognized psychiatrists: Edmundo Rico and Miguel Jimenez López. This article discusses how both psychiatrists used "scientific" arguments to show that an "uncontrolled passion" justified Zawadzky's criminal action.
Cómo citar este artículo/Citation: Ríos Molina, Andrés; Cristina Sacristán; Teresa Ordorika Sacristán y Ximena López Carrillo (2016), "Los pacientes del Manicomio La Castañeda y sus diagnósticos. Una propuesta desde la historia cuantitativa (México, 1910(México, -1968", Asclepio 68 (1): p136. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/asclepio.2016.15 RESUMEN: El Manicomio General La Castañeda, fundado en la Ciudad de México, albergó a 61.480 pacientes entre 1910 y 1968. El objetivo de este artículo es presentar un panorama general de la población que ingresó a esta institución y los diagnósticos que recibieron los internos, análisis realizado a partir de una base de datos construida con una muestra de 20% de la población total. El artículo se divide en tres partes: en la primera, proponemos tres etapas para comprender la historia de La Castañeda cuya periodización es definida por cambios demográ-ficos que coinciden con reformas administrativas; en la segunda, exponemos las características generales de la población psiquiátrica de La Castañeda; y finalmente, describimos los principales cambios demográficos, los cuales obedecieron a factores socio-políticos, innovaciones tecnológicas y transformaciones en la clínica. Como características principales de la población de La Castañeda tenemos la brevedad del encierro (18 meses en promedio) y la reducida mortalidad (23.8%) en comparación con otras instituciones del mismo tipo. En dicha circulación poblacional encontramos que las familias desempeñaron un papel determinante al asumir el cuidado de sus parientes locos. Así, el encierro prolongado de pacientes crónicos no fue un problema que aquejara al Manicomio General de forma tan severa como se ha creído.PALABRAS CLAVE: La Castañeda; Población Psiquiátrica; Enfermedades Mentales; Manicomio; México.ABSTRACT: During its 58 years in operation , the Manicomio General La Castañeda housed 61,480 people. In this paper, we present an overview of the general characteristic of the patients based on a 20% sample of the overall population. We divided the text in three sections: in the first part we argue that the history of the institution comprises three distinctive periods characterized by demographic changes that coincide with administrative reforms. In the second, we present the general characteristics of La Castañeda's psychiatric population. Finally, we describe the most salient demographic changes, which stemmed either from socio-political events, technological innovations or clinical transformations. Some of the most salient results of the analysis of the sample show that the inmate population had short periods of hospitalization in the asylum (an average of 18 month), as well as a lower mortality rate (24.2%) in comparison to contemporary mental institutions. Families played a fundamental role in the care of their mad relatives, which accounts for the relatively short periods of hospitalization as well as the low death rates. Consequently, for this particular institution, chronic patients weren't such a serious problem as believed.
EL ARTÍCULO ANALIZA EL CASO DE ALBERTO NICOLAT TALOCÍN: UN PARANOICO QUE TUVO VARIOS INGRESOS AL MANICOMIO LA CASTAÑEDA. CON BASE EN SUS AUTOBIOGRAFÍAS Y LA TESIS ESCRITA POR EL MÉDICO GREGORIO ONETO BARENQUE, EL AUTOR RECONSTRUYE LA FORMA EN QUE EL "LOCO" SE RELACIONÓ CON LA INSTITUCIÓN TERAPÉUTICA Y CON EL LENGUAJE PSIQUIÁTRICO. ADEMÁS, SE DISCUTE EL PAPEL DEL ENFERMO MENTAL Y EL CONTEXTO CULTURAL EN LA CONSTRUCCIÓN DEL SABER CIENTÍFICO SOBRE LAS PSICOPATÍAS.
Violencia de género y erotismo. La construcción cultural de la violación sexual en un cómic de los años setenta en México Gender Violence and Eroticism. The cultural construction of rape in a comic of the seventies in Mexico Resumen Este artículo reflexiona sobre el tema de la violación sexual a partir del cómic Relatos del Jorobado, una historieta publicada en la Ciudad de México durante los años setenta centrada en el melodrama, el erotismo y la violencia sexual contra las mujeres. Utilizando como marco de análisis los Rape Myths, se examinan las representaciones que difundió sobre el sexismo, el machismo y la violencia sexual en el contexto de la revolución cultural caracterizada por la transformación de las mentalidades sobre la sexualidad y las imágenes del cuerpo femenino. Como parte del universo de publicaciones dirigidas al entretenimiento de adultos, el
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