In order to delineate the current state of the art of overseas relocation programs in U.S. multinational corporations, the extant literature was reviewed in the areas of expatriate personnel selection, training and career‐pathing. The implications of the study's findings for U.S. MNCs are discussed and recommendations for policy change are offered.
This study examined the impact of hate crimes upon gay and lesbian victims, reviewing 1538 hate crimes committed in Los Angeles County. Differences between sexual orientation and other hate crime categories were considered for offense severity, reportage to law enforcement, and victim impact. The type of offense varied between crimes classified for sexual orientation (n=551) and other bias-motivated crimes (n=987). Assault, sexual assault, sexual harassment, and stalking were predictive of sexual orientation hate crimes. Sexual orientation bias crimes evidenced greater severity of violence to the person and impact upon victim level of functioning. More violent forms of aggression were predictive of gay and lesbian victim's underreportage to law enforcement. For sexual orientation offenses, victim gender and race/ethnicity differences were predictive of the base rates of crime reportage as well. These findings are considered in terms of a group-risk hypothesis, encountered by multiple outgroup persons, that influences help-seeking behavior and ingroup identity.
In two separate studies out-group bias was examined in relationship to personality traits of prejudice with Gough’s Prejudice/Tolerance (Pr/To) scale and ascribed social group values. In Study 1 conducted with a Chilean sample, results of a hierarchical multiple regression revealed that perceived in-group/out-group value dissimilarity (based on the Schwartz Value Survey) and Pr/To independently predicted negative stereotyping of indigenous Chilean people (Mapuches Indians). In Study 2 findings with a U.S. Asian- Pacific sample indicated that Pr/To and ascription to filial piety predicted anti-Semitic attitudes. In both studies, Pr/To significantly improved the prediction of out-group bias after in-group social values had been accounted for in the regression model.
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