Abstract. Based on household survey data, the author compares the level of minimum wages in 16 LatinW hile the established objectives of the long-standing minimum wage laws in Latin American countries reflect ambitious goals in terms of meeting the basic needs of workers and their families, economic downturns and the effects of various crises have, in many countries, resulted in minimum wages being set below the level required to meet these needs, thereby falling short of the stated objectives.Given the high level of awareness of this issue in Latin America -which often gives rise to heated debate, especially when minimum wage increases are being decided on -one would not expect compliance with minimum wage laws to pose any particular problems. This is not the case, however; a review of the available information shows that, on the contrary, employers do not comply with the relevant legislation.One view might be that non-compliance is inevitable, given that minimum wages are set at very high levels for certain industries. According to this view, the relatively high minimum cost of labour induced by the minimum wage contributes to the high informality rates in many countries (OECD,
OIT, Santiago de Chile; dirección electrónica: marinakisa@ilo.org. Este artículo se basa sustancialmente en un informe anterior publicado por la OIT en 2014 desde la sede de Santiago de Chile y dirigido por el autor (Marinakis, 2014).La responsabilidad de las opiniones expresadas en los artículos solo incumbe a sus autores, y su publicación en la Revista Internacional del Trabajo no significa que la OIT las suscriba. Incumplimiento del salario mínimo en América Latina. La importancia de los factores institucionales Andrés MARINAKIS* Resumen. Con datos de encuestas de hogares, el autor evalúa el nivel del salario mínimo en 16 países de América Latina respecto de los salarios de mercado, el PIB, las líneas de pobreza y el poder adquisitivo; estima después el grado de incumplimiento y su correlación con la relación salario mínimo/salario medio. Comparando las estimaciones y la situación de Chile, Costa Rica, Perú y Uruguay, concluye que, salvo cuando el salario mínimo es muy bajo o sumamente alto con respecto al salario promedio, el mayor o menor cumplimiento depende de la calidad del marco institucional y, más concretamente, de la inspección del trabajo, para cuya mejora formula algunas recomendaciones.
The debate on the public sector has been central in structural
adjustment programmes applied in developing countries during recent
years. The common grounds of the discussion have been the size of the
public sector, its role and its efficiency in delivering services. The
common criticisms of the 1980s are that the public sector is too big,
overstaffed and inefficient. Examines these issues under a long‐term
perspective. Finds that at the aggregated level there is no clear‐cut
evidence to support those criticisms of the size of the public sector in
developing countries. Compared with industrialized countries, there is
no particular evidence of the public sector being too big in the
developing world. However, it appears that the sequence of the
adjustment process has negatively affected the performance of important
parts of the public sector by distorting the proportion of wage and
non‐wage expenditures, disregarding their complementarity. The
consequent imbalance between inputs and employment has resulted in
practical overstaffing.
RESUMO:Este artigo esclarece as diferenças que existem nas características dos programas de participação nos lucros e dos de participação nos resultados. Avalia, também, as dificuldades na aplicação desses programas e o potencial para acelerar a reestruturação das empresas brasileiras.
ABSTRACT: This article clarifies the differences between the characteristics of profit sharing and performance related pay and evaluates the difficulties to be encountered in the application of these programmes and their potencial for acelerating the restructuring of Brazilian firms.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: participação nos lucros, participação em resultados, reestruturação, empresas brasileiras.
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