No abstract

A construção de um modelo de desenvolvimento turístico sustentável capaz de gerar benefícios econômicos e sociais, ao mesmo tempo em que minimize os impactos ambientais, exige atenção às questões relacionadas à gestão participativa. Nesse contexto, o turismo de base comunitária se apresenta como uma prática de desenvolvimento turístico capaz de apontar caminhos para a sustentabilidade, desde que enraizada na participação e protagonismo social das populações locais. Este artigo propõe uma discussão teórica acerca dos impasses e perspectivas da gestão participativa no contexto da sustentabilidade turística através da proposta do turismo de base comunitária. Como síntese, evidencia-se a constatação da importância da participação social na atual configuração sistêmica do turismo em que a atividade vem superando a imagem meramente econômica para adquirir novas dimensões, transversalidades e interdependências. Palavras-Chave: turismo; enfoque sistêmico; sustentabilidade; gestão participativa; turismo de base comunitária; participação social.

ResumoO turismo de base comunitária (TBC) é o resultado de um processo de colaboração intracomunitário baseado em relações interpessoais, no qual a rede social se apresenta como elemento que tem a capacidade de medir a extensão da colaboração. O presente trabalho discute o TBC assumindo que o processo de gestão da atividade turística supõe envolvimento em relações sociais. Para avaliar empiricamente a implicação do padrão relacional na gestão turística, aplicou-se a análise de redes sociais (ARS) na rede de colaboração do TBC da Prainha do Canto Verde (Ceará, Brasil). O principal objetivo é contribuir com a reflexão teórico-metodológica sobre como os padrões relacionais dentro de uma comunidade podem lançar luz sobre a gestão participativa no turismo local, atendendo à complexidade que caracteriza as relações sociais e o sistema turístico. Os resultados da ARS mostraram que a questão chave para o desenvolvimento de uma gestão do TBC ancorada na equidade participativa é a coexistência das relações entre diferentes atores. As conclusões apontam igualmente para a pertinência da abordagem de redes na análise dos processos e resultados do desenvolvimento turístico comunitário.Palavras-chave: Turismo de base comunitária, gestão participativa, sustentabilidade, redes sociais, colaboração. AbstractCommunity-based tourism (CBT) is the result of an intra-community collaborative process, based on interpersonal relationships and in which social networks have the capacity to measure the extent of collaboration. This paper discusses community-based tourism under the assumption that both the concept of community and the process of managing touristic activities imply being involved in social relations. Social network analysis (SNA) was applied to investigate the collaborative network of Prainha do Canto Verde (Ceará, Brazil) in order to empirically assess the implications of relational patterns in tourism management. The main objective is to contribute to theoretical and methodological insights on how relational patterns within a community can shed light on participatory management in local tourism, given the complexity that characterizes social relations and the tourism system. Results of the SNA study showed that the key issue for the development of a CBT management anchored in equity and participation is the coexistence of relations between different actors. The findings also demonstrate the relevance of a network approach in the analysis of processes and results of community-based tourism development.Keywords: Community-based tourism, participatory management, sustainability, social networks, collaboration. IntroduçãoO turismo é uma atividade com potencial para provocar modificações substanciais na qualidade de vida das populações locais, assim como experiências gratificantes ou insatisfatórias nos visitantes, em função do respeito dos seus próprios limites de desenvolvimento econômico e de exploração ambiental e sociocultural (Swarbrooke, 2000;Krippendorf, 2003). A construção e viabilidade de um modelo turístico sustentáve...

Political ecology pushes back against the apolitical and ahistorical ecologies frequently found in mainstream scientific accounts of nature and the environment, and has increasingly focused on how scientific knowledge is 'socially constructed.' In this article, we argue for political ecological engagement with the highly influential knowledge-to-action (KTA) movement in science about health and the environment. We introduce KTA using results of a survey conducted under the auspices of a Canada-Latin America-Caribbean 'ecosystem approaches to health' (ecohealth) collaboration, and then narrow our focus to a single illustrative ecohealth project, dealing with the health impacts of small-scale gold mining in southwestern Ecuador. We employ an ecology of knowledge framework for integrating insights from science and technology studies, illustrating the interacting actors, material artifacts, institutions and discourses involved in not only the generation but also the application of health-environment science. The origins of ecohealth research in the Americas reflect interacting epistemological and political factors, as sophisticated, complex systemic analyses of health-environment interactions occurred amidst increasing neoliberalization of knowledge production. Simultaneously, corporate actors such as large mining companies influenced both the distribution of healthdamaging environmental conditions in the Americas, and the ways in which they were studied. This analysis motivates our advocacy of specifically political ecologies of health-environment knowledge, in which inequitable power dynamics and non-human actors are foregrounded in studies of the social production and application of science. The political ecology of knowledge framework that we envision would allow for simultaneous consideration of how societal contexts influence scientific knowledge production, and how the resulting knowledge can be better applied to protect the health of communities facing environmental injustice. Key words: ecohealth; mining; praxis; science and technology studies; knowledge-to-action; Canada; Ecuador Résumé L'écologie politique remet en question las explications apolitiques et anhistoriques fréquemment rencontrées dans les compte-rendu scientifiques sur la nature et l'environnement et met de plus en plus l'accent sur la manière dont la connaissance scientifique est socialement construite. Dans cet article, nous soutenons la pertinence de l'écologie politique pour le mouvement « du savoir à l'action », très influent dans les sciences de la santé de l'environnement. Nous présentons la perspective « du savoir à l'action » en nous appuyant sur les résultats d'une enquête menée dans le cadre d'une collaboration Canada-Amérique latine et Caraïbes sur les approches écosystémiques à la santé (écosanté), pour ensuite concentrer notre attention sur un unique projet écosanté, qui porte sur les effets sur la santé de l'extraction de l'or à petite échelle dans le sud-ouest de l'Équateur. Nous employons un cadre conceptuel d'écologi...

Aging is a gradual biological process characterized by a decrease in cellular and organism functions. Aging-related processes involve changes in the expression and activity of several proteins. Here, we identified the transmembrane protease serine 11a (TMPRSS11a) as a new age-specific protein that plays an important role in skin wound healing. TMPRSS11a levels increased with age in rodent and human skin and gingival samples. Strikingly, overexpression of TMPRSS11a decreased cell migration and spreading, and inducing cellular senescence. Mass spectrometry, bioinformatics, and functional analyses revealed that TMPRSS11a interacts with integrin β 1 through an RGD sequence contained within the C-terminal domain and that this motif was relevant for cell migration. Moreover, TMPRSS11a was associated with cellular senescence, as shown by overexpression and downregulation experiments.In agreement with tissue-specific expression of TMPRSS11a, shRNA-mediated downregulation of this protein improved wound healing in the skin, but not in thePlasmids encoding mouse TMPRSS11a (MYC-DDK-tagged, #MR220783) and human TMPRSS11a (MYC-DDK-tagged, #RC221395) were purchased from Origene, Rockville, MD. Plasmids encoding human TMPRSS11a-EGFP was purchased from GenScript, Piscataway, NJ. USA. Beta-1 integrin-mCherry was kindly provided by Dr Davidson (via Addgene plasmid #55064). Empty vectors pcDNA4/TO or EGFP were from Lonza (Bend, USA). skeletal muscle of old mice, where TMPRSS11a is undetectable. Collectively, these findings indicate that TMPRSS11a is a tissue-specific factor relevant for wound healing, which becomes elevated with aging, promoting cellular senescence and inhibiting cell migration and skin repair.