Introduction: Maintaining the color of aesthetic dental materials is one of the biggest clinical challenges. Color stability tests of composites are commonly used to evaluate surface staining of the material. However, direct comparisons of studies are hampered by the absence of dipping protocols in dye-containing substances. One of the most used substances for this is coffee. Objective: The objective of this work was to evaluate the color change of a nanoparticulate resin after different coffee immersion protocols. Material and Methods: Sixty specimens were made using the resin composed of nanoparticles (Filtek Z350 XT-3M Espe) in color A1E, divided into 6 groups: (G0) immersion in water at 37 ° C for 30 days. ; (G1) immersed in coffee at 37 ° C for 24 hours; (G2) immersed in coffee for 48 minutes at 37 ° C once daily for 28 days; (G3) subjected to exposure to coffee at 37 ° C for 15 minutes, 3 times a day for 28 days; (G4) subjected to exposure to coffee at 37 ° C for 3 minutes, 3 times a day for 28 days; (G5) subjected to exposure to coffee 37 ° C for 3 minutes, 2 times daily for 28 days. Results: The groups with the highest color variation were 2 and 3, being statistically similar to each other and superior to the others (1, 4 and 5). Delta E values were analyzed using 1-way ANOVA tests and, for multiple comparisons, the Tukey test, with a significance level of 5%. Conclusion: It was concluded that coffee immersion promoted color change in the nanoparticulate composite (Filtek Z 350 XT-3M Espe) in all the immersion protocols investigated. The different coffee immersion protocols resulted in different degrees of staining of the composite resin tested. Protocols that included solution changes and which presented longer exposure to coffee produced greater staining of the tested composite.
This article describes the process of developing and validating a virtual assistant to perform vaccine pharmacovigilance. We performed a pilot study with a panel of 22 healthcare professionals who performed content validation of the virtual assistant prototype. Usability was tested with 126 users, using the System Usability Scale. The data analysis was performed by the agreement rate and content validity index, and the κ test was used to verify the agreement between the evaluators. The content domains of the virtual assistant achieved excellent suitability, relevance, and representativeness criteria, all greater than 86%; the content validity index ranged from 0.81 to 0.98, with an average of 0.90 and an interrater reliability index of 1.00. There was excellent interrater agreement (average κ value, 0.76). The total usability score among users was 80.1, ranging from 78.2 in group 1 (users without reactions to vaccines) to 82.1 in group 2 (users with reactions) (P = .002). The virtual assistant for vaccine pharmacovigilance obtained a satisfactory level of content validity and usability, giving greater credibility to the claim that this device provides greater surveillance and safety for patients.
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