[1] We present an estimate for the composition of the depleted mantle (DM), the source for mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORBs). A combination of approaches is required to estimate the major and trace element abundances in DM. Absolute concentrations of few elements can be estimated directly, and the bulk of the estimates is derived using elemental ratios. The isotopic composition of MORB allows calculation of parent-daughter ratios. These estimates form the ''backbone'' of the abundances of the trace elements that make up the Coryell-Masuda diagram (spider diagram). The remaining elements of the Coryell-Masuda diagram are estimated through the composition of MORB. A third group of estimates is derived from the elemental and isotopic composition of peridotites. The major element composition is obtained by subtraction of a low-degree melt from a bulk silicate Earth (BSE) composition. The continental crust (CC) is thought to be complementary to the DM, and ratios that are chondritic in the CC are expected to also be chondritic in the DM. Thus some of the remaining elements are estimated using the composition of CC and chondrites. Volatile element and noble gas concentrations are estimated using constraints from the composition of MORBs and ocean island basalts (OIBs). Mass balance with BSE, CC, and DM indicates that CC and this estimate of the DM are not complementary reservoirs.Components: 13,973 words, 9 figures, 8 tables, 2 datasets.

Abstract:The Kara ore node is located within the Sretensk-Kara ore region of East Transbaikalia. The geological structure of this area is complex due to its location within the Mongol-Okhotsk suture, the zone wherein the Siberian and Mongolia-China continents collided into each other at the turn of the Early and Middle Jurassic. During the plate collision, intense magmatism was accompanied by the formation of focal-dome, dome-ring and other structures. The Kara ore node is controlled by the Ust-Kara focal dome-ring structure. The central part of latter is composed of KaraChacha granitoids from the Amudzhikan-Sretensk intrusive complex (J3-K1) with the system of subvolcanic and vein formations, including grorudites. It is suggested that gold mineralization in the study area is genetically related to grorudites; however, physical and chemical conditions for the formation of these alkaline rocks, their genesis and role in the hydrothermal gold-ore process still have not been sufficiently investigated. To this end, the authors of this paper have studied fluid inclusions (FI) in quartz from these rocks. It has been found that quartz porphyry phenocrysts in grorudite contain FI of diverse forms, the size of which ranges from 5 to 48 microns. Measured temperatures of ice melting (-2.5°C) and complete homogenization into liquid (350 °C) show that the concentration of salts in the fluid amounts to 4.2 wt % of eq. NaC, its density is 0.64 g/cm 3 , and the pressure is 1.6 kb. At LA-ICP-MS of individual FI, clear analytical signals were derived from Na and K. As, Mo, Sb, Cs, W, and Hg were traced in significant quantities. The Raman scanning showed the presence of N2 in the primary (substantially gaseous) FI, and CO2, N2, and CH4 in the primary-secondary FI.

analytical methods were used to obtain a large spectrum of major and trace element data, in particular, EPMA, SIMS, LA-ICPMS, and isotope dilution by TIMS and ICPMS. Altogether, more than 60 qualified geochemical laboratories worldwide contributed to the analyses, allowing us to present new reference and information values and their uncertainties (at 95% confidence level) for up to 74 elements. We complied with the recommendations for the certification of geological reference materials by the International Association of Geoanalysts (IAG). The reference values were derived from the results of 16 independent techniques, including definitive (isotope dilution) and comparative bulk (e.g., INAA, ICPMS, SSMS) and microanalytical (e.g., LA-ICPMS, SIMS, EPMA) methods. Agreement between two or more independent methods and the use of definitive methods provided traceability to the fullest extent possible. We also present new and recently published data for the isotopic compositions of H, B, Li, O, Ca, Sr, Nd, Hf, and Pb. The results were mainly obtained by high-precision bulk techniques, such as TIMS and MC-ICPMS. In addition, LA-ICPMS and SIMS isotope data of B, Li, and Pb are presented.

[1] The parameter m describes the 238 U/ 204 Pb ratio of an Earth reservoir. Mantle domains labeled HIMU (high m) originally defined reservoirs with highly radiogenic Pb isotope ratios observed in basalts from a select number of ocean islands, St. Helena in the Atlantic Ocean and the Cook-Austral islands in the South Pacific Ocean. While some authors use the term HIMU in this original sense, others refer to HIMU as a widespread component in many mid-ocean ridge and ocean island basalt (MORB and OIB) sources. Here we show that highly radiogenic Pb isotope signatures in MORB and OIB originate from two different sources. In addition to the classical HIMU component observed at St. Helena and the South Pacific (named HIMU in the following), we define a component with slightly less radiogenic Pb but significantly more radiogenic Sr isotope signatures. This component lies at the extension of the (Atlantic and Pacific) MORB array in a Sr-Pb isotope ratio diagram and is argued to be a ubiquitous component in MORB and many OIB sources. The inferred role of this component in the mantle and its inferred genetic origin closely resemble those originally suggested for a mantle component termed FOZO by Hart and coworkers. By redefining the composition, the origin, and the role of FOZO in the mantle, we establish a simple conceptual framework that explains the isotopic variability in both MORB and OIB with the lowest number of components. OIB are grouped into HIMU-type OIB and basalts from islands that diverge from the MORB-FOZO array toward various isotopically ''enriched'' compositions (EM). The apparent ubiquity of FOZO in the mantle and the calculated isotopic evolution of compositionally diverse MORB suggest that normal mantle melting and continuous subduction and aging of that crust during recycling through the mantle are the dominant causes of the MORB-FOZO array. In contrast to FOZO, HIMU-type OIB are quite rare, and if an origin by recycling of oceanic crust is also postulated, the production of HIMU sources has to be a special and rare combination of age and composition of subduction-modified recycled oceanic crust.