The two-dimensional modification of carbon which is also known as "graphene" is an extremely interesting material due to its physical properties, such as a very high electrical conductivity and an intrinsic mechanical strength that is even better than that of steel. For that reason, it has already been called the "miracle material" of the 21 st century. Up to now, the synthesis of graphene was to dangerous to implement it into the school curricula. The authors present a method of synthesizing graphene which can be put into practice at school without hesitation. Following experiments show the varying properties of graphene oxide and graphene during synthesis. In this way, different structure-property relationships, which appear to be one of the most important concepts in chemistry lessons, can be analyzed.
Zusammenfassung
Graphen, die zweidimensionale Modifikation des Kohlenstoffs, stellt aufgrund ihrer vielversprechenden Eigenschaften wie einer sehr guten elektrischen Leitfähigkeit sowie einer hohen Belastbarkeit und Härte ein hochinteressantes Material dar. Seine Herstellung war bislang für die Implementierung in die Schulcurricula zu gefährlich. Der Beitrag beschreibt die erste Herstellungsmethode von Graphen, welche für eine praktikable Umsetzung im Chemieunterricht unbedenklich ist und die daher eine erste experimentelle und konzeptionelle Erschließung dieses Themas möglich macht.
Zusammenfassung: Graphen, diez weidimensionale Modifikation desK ohlenstoffs, stehta ufgrund einerV ielzahla n herausragenden Eigenschaftend erzeit im Fokusd er Forschung.D ie Synthese vonG raphen verläuft im Labormaßstab überd as ZwischenproduktG raphenoxid.I nd iesem Beitragwirdmit derthermischenReduktion einV erfahren vorgestellt, mitd em Graphenoxide infach,s icheru nd schnellzuGraphen reduziertwerdenkann. Diethermische Reduktionv on Graphenoxidi ne inem geschlossenen System unterS auerstoffausschluss erlaubte sz udem,d ie Reaktionsprodukted ieserR eduktion aufzufangenu nd zu analysieren. Stichworte: Graphen•Graphenoxid•Elektrochemische Synthese vonG raphenoxid•thermische Reduktionv on Graphenoxid Thet hermal reductiono fg rapheneo xide-Asimple and exciting manufacturingprocess of graphene Abstract: Graphene,t he two-dimensionalm odification of carbon,possesses amultitude of outstanding properties and is currentlythe focusofresearch. Thesynthesis of graphene proceeds viat he intermediate graphene oxide. In this article, thermalreduction is presentedasamethod that canbe used to easily,safelyand quicklyreducegraphene oxideto graphene.T he thermalr eduction of graphene oxidei n aclosedsystemwiththe exclusionofoxygenallowsthe reaction products to be catchedup. Subsequently,theycan be determined by simple analysis methods.
Graphite oxide is the intermediate in the synthesis of the so-called "miracle material" of the 21st century, graphene. The synthesis of highly oxidized, yellow graphite oxide is hitherto only possible via partially toxic and explosive wet-chemical processes. Therefore, the implementation of the topic graphene in school and university lessons was not possible. Due to the existing risks and the long synthesis time, the currently prevalent synthesis methods of graphite oxide are a major problem not only for teaching but also for scientific research. The authors present a novel electrochemical synthesis process of highly oxidized, yellow graphite oxide, which completely avoids the use of corrosive or toxic substances. The synthesis time is only a few minutes and the preparation of the material can be easily carried out. Therefore, Graphene can now be easily synthesized and taught in school and university.
Graphen, die zweidimensionale Modifikation des Kohlenstoffs, besitzt besondere Eigenschaften. Dazu zählen z.B. die extrem gute elektrische Leitfähigkeit, seine große aktive Oberfläche und extreme Robustheit. Dadurch eignet sich Graphen besonders gut als Elektrodenmaterial in elektrischen Speichersystemen und könnte eine entscheidende Rolle in der Zukunft der Elektromobilität spielen. In diesem Beitrag wird neben einem elektrochemischen Syntheseweg für Graphen auch das Phänomen des „Restackings“ vorgestellt, welches hauptverantwortlich dafür ist, dass Graphen‐basierte Speichersysteme bisher noch nicht kommerziell eingesetzt werden.
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