A sustainable supply chain: The controlled transformation of the biomass‐derived platform compounds levulinic acid (LA) and itaconic acid (IA) into the corresponding lactones, diols, or cyclic ethers (see picture) by using a multifunctional molecular catalyst is described.
Eine nachhaltige Versorgungskette: Die kontrollierte Überführung der aus Biomasse erhaltenen Plattformverbindungen Lävulinsäure (LA) und Itaconsäure (IA) in die entsprechenden Lactone, Diole oder cyclischen Ether (siehe Bild) wird durch einen multifunktionellen molekularen Katalysator möglich.
Hybrid separation processes combine different separation principles and constitute a promising design option for the separation of complex mixtures. Particularly, the integration of distillation with other unit operations can significantly improve the separation of close-boiling or azeotropic mixtures. Although the design of single-unit operations is well understood and supported by computational methods, the optimal design of flowsheets of hybrid separation processes is still a challenging task. The large number of operational and design degrees of freedom requires a systematic and optimization-based design approach. To this end, a structured approach, the so-called process synthesis framework, is proposed. This article reviews available computational methods for the conceptual design of distillation-based hybrid processes for the separation of liquid mixtures. Open problems are identified that must be addressed to finally establish a structured process synthesis framework for such processes.
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