Marine electrical power systems (MEPS) are experiencing a progressive change with increased electrification-incorporation of distributed power generation, high power density requirement, increased storage integration, availability of alternative technologies and incorporation of novel loads to name a few. In recent years, smart grid (advanced land based power systems) concepts have increasingly been incorporated within MEPS to leverage on their proven advantages. Due to the distinct nature of the two power systems, upon incorporation, the solutions need to be further proven by simulations and experimentation. This paper presents two smart grid enabled MEPS test beds at the University of Strathclyde developed to allow for proof of concept validations, prototyping, component characterization, test driven development/enhancement of emerging MEPS solutions, technologies and architectures. The capabilities of the test beds for rapid proof of concept validations and component characterization are discussed by means of two case studies. Drawing on from the two case studies, this paper further presents a discussion on the requirements of systems testing of future more electric MEPS. Index Terms-experimental evaluation, marine electrical power systems, systems testing and test beds.
The increasing complexity of power systems has warranted the development of geographically distributed real-time simulations (GD-RTS). However, the wide scale adoption of GD-RTS remains a challenge owing to the (i) limitations of state-ofthe-art interfaces in reproducing faster dynamics and transients, (ii) lack of an approach to ensure a successful implementation within geographically separated research infrastructures, and (iii) lack of established evidence of its appropriateness for smart grid applications. To address the limitations in reproducing of faster dynamics and transients, this paper presents a synchronous reference frame interface for GD-RTS. By means of a comprehensive performance characterization (application agnostic and application oriented), the superior performance of the proposed interface in terms of accuracy (reduced error on average by 60% and faster settling times) and computational complexity has been established. This paper further derives the transfer function models for GD-RTS with interface characteristics for analytical stability analysis that ensure stable implementations avoiding the risks associated with multiple RI implementations. Finally, to establish confidence in the proposed interface and to investigate GD-RTS applicability for real-world applications, a GD-RTS implementation between two RIs at the University of Strathclyde is realized to demonstrate inertial support within transmission network model of the Great Britain power system.
This version is available at https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/50072/ Strathprints is designed to allow users to access the research output of the University of Strathclyde. Unless otherwise explicitly stated on the manuscript, Copyright © and Moral Rights for the papers on this site are retained by the individual authors and/or other copyright owners. Please check the manuscript for details of any other licences that may have been applied. You may not engage in further distribution of the material for any profitmaking activities or any commercial gain. You may freely distribute both the url (https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/) and the content of this paper for research or private study, educational, or not-for-profit purposes without prior permission or charge.Any correspondence concerning this service should be sent to the Strathprints administrator: strathprints@strath.ac.ukThe Strathprints institutional repository (https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk) is a digital archive of University of Strathclyde research outputs. It has been developed to disseminate open access research outputs, expose data about those outputs, and enable the management and persistent access to Strathclyde's intellectual output.This paper is a postprint of a paper submitted to and accepted for publication at the UPEC 2014 conference and is subject to IEEE copyright. Abstract -This project is aiming to make the first steps in investigating and pushing the boundaries of real-time simulation. To that end it will focus on real-time representation of converter devices on different platforms, enabling the future coupling of prototyping controllers to power system simulation tools. The small time-step, high fidelity representation of the converter devices and the large time-step model of the grid will be carried out on RTDS Technologies, RTDS and perhaps expanding the attempt, on OPAL-RT Technologies, OPAL-RT Simulator in the future. The controller prototyping, including the converter switching strategy will be implemented on ADI's rtX and the use of other rapid controller prototyping systems will also be evaluated. This will effectively allow the exploration of the scalability and limits of such schemes. Namely, how many converters can be simulated on real-time simulation devices? How many controllers can be implemented on a prototyping platform using modern microprocessors?
The UKMOD has an objective to improve the efficiency and flexibility associated with the integration of naval electrical systems into both new and existing platforms. A more specific challenge for the MOD is in the de-risking of the integration of future pulse and stochastic loads such as Laser Directed Energy Weapons. To address this the Power Networks Demonstration Centre (PNDC) naval research programme is focused towards understanding and resolving the associated future power system requirements. To address these challenges, the UK MOD and the PNDC have worked collaboratively to develop a 540kVA Power Hardware in the Loop (PHIL) testing facility. For the UK MOD this supports the “UK-US Advanced Electric Power and Propulsion Project Arrangement (AEP3).” This testing facility has been used to explore the capabilities of PHIL testing and evaluate a Flywheel Energy Storage System (FESS) in a notional ship power system environment. This testing provided an opportunity to develop and further validate the capability of the PHIL platform for continued marine power system research. This paper presents on the results from PHIL testing of the FESS at PNDC, which involved both characterisation and interfacing the FESS within a simulated ship power system. The characterisation tests involved evaluating the: response to step changes in current reference; frequency and impedance characteristics; and response during uncontrolled discharge. The ship power system testing involved interfacing the FESS to a simulated real time notional ship power system model and evaluating the response of the FESS and the impact on the ship power system under a range of different operational scenarios. This paper also discuss the links between FESS characterisation testing and the development of the energy management system implemented in the real time model. This control system was developed to schedule operation of the FESS state (charging, discharging and idle) with the other simulated generation sources (the active front end and battery storage) and with the loads within the ship power system model. Finally, this paper highlights how the testing at PNDC has also supported the comparison and validation of previous FESS testing at Florida State University’s Centre Advanced Power Systems (FSU CAPS) facility, and how the combined efforts help to collectively de-risk future load Total Ship Integration and Evolving Intelligent Platforms in both UK and US programmes via the AEP3 PA.
In recent years there has been considerable interest in convertor based generating solutions which to a greater or lesser extent mimic the behaviour of synchronous machines, thus overcoming many of the disadvantages of the existing technologies which are potentially destabilising at high penetration. Such solutions are frequently referred to as Grid Forming Convertors (GFC). This paper focuses the application of GFC technologies in offshore windfarms, where installation, maintenance and/or modification of any offshore equipment is very expensive and carries greater commercial risks, requiring extensive testing and confidence building prior to deployment in real applications. This is time consuming and particularly significant for GB and where there are large quantities of offshore generation. Onshore solutions to stability are therefore desirable for OffShore Transmission Owners (OFTOs), especially, if they could be applied by retrofitting to existing conventional converter plant. Consequently, this paper proposes and investigates the performance of hybrid solutions for offshore networks where the conventional STATCOM onshore unit is replaced by alternative options such as synchronous compensator and VSM converter of similar (or appropriate) rating with the aim of achieving Grid-Forming capability. A laboratory scale implementation of the proposed control algorithm is also presented with selected validation test results.
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