Background: Acute myocardial infarction includes STEMI and NSTEMI. In STEMI and NSTEMI, an increase in cardiac biomarkers especially troponin I and CK-MB are affected by the ischemic process. In STEMI thrombus blocks the entire artery lumen while in NSTEMI thrombus does not block the entire artery lumen. This can lead to different ischemic processes. Aim: To prove the differences in troponin I and CK-MB values in acute myocardial infarction patients with ST-elevation and without ST- elevation. Methods: An observational analytic study using a cross-sectional design was conducted between April and September 2020. The total sample of the study was 48 samples, consists of 25 samples with STEMI and 23 samples with NSTEMI. The normality test was analyzed using  Shapiro-Wilk test. The difference test was analyzed using Mann-Whitney test. Results: Mean troponin I values of STEMI and NSTEMI patients were 30.40 ± 20.79 ng/mL; 1.38 ± 1.76 ng/mL, respectively. Mean CK-MB values in STEMI and NSTEMI patients were 386.12 ± 319.70 U/L; 42.39 ± 27.54 U/L, respectively. There were statistically significant differences in troponin I and CK-MB values (p respectively 0.00; 0.00) in STEMI patients compared to NSTEMI patients. Conclusion: There were differences in troponin I and CK-MB values between STEMI and NSTEMI patients. The troponin I and CK-MB values in STEMI patients were higher than in NSTEMI patients.

BACKGROUND: Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) is a tropical fruit, widely used in Southeast Asia as a health food and supplement, because of its beneficial effects on the body. In many studies, mangosteen is described to have many health effects such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-proliferative, anti-carcinogenic, and antiinflammatory. The anti-inflammatory effect is important because many diseases have pathophysiology associated with the inflammatory process. AIM: This study aimed to assess and conclude the scientific database systematically to investigate the anti-inflammatory potency of mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.). METHODS: Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews and the guideline of preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis (PRISMA) were used as guidelines in this review. RESULTS: The authors searched the study in electronic databases which met inclusion and exclusion criteria. The authors independently evaluated 412 studies in database finding, 24 studies fulfilled the criteria for this review. CONCLUSION: Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) has anti-inflammatory potency (especially the component of xanthone and flavonoid) in various inflammatory conditions and diseases; such as obesity, skin disease, psychiatric disease, tooth disease, asthma, atherosclerosis, acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity, peritonitis, colitis, prostatic hyperplastic, arthritis, and soft-tissue inflammation.

Background: Obesity is a disorder or disease characterized by the accumulation of excess fat in the body due to an imbalance in energy intake that is used for a long time. Accumulation of fat can reduce adiponectin, causing cardiac hypertrophy, endothelial vasodilation, and other cardiovascular diseases. Black garlic have high antioxidants in the form of S-Allylcysteine(SAC) which functions to increase adiponectin. Objective: To determine the effect of Black garlic on the histopathological picture of the heart and aorta of obese rats. Methods: This study was an experimental study with a randomized post-test only design with control group design with 5 groups of male white rats Sprague Dawley (Rattus novergicus) fed High Fat Fructose. Diet (HFFD) enriched with 1.25% cholesterol and 0.5% cholic acid for 8 weeks and was given black garlic intervention at doses of 450 mg / 200BW, 900mg / 200BW and 1350mg200 / BW for 4 weeks. Results: Giving black garlic significantly reduced body weight of rats (p = 0.001), and the results did not significantly reduce heart weight (p = 0.147), aortic weight (p = 0.061), histopathological changes in heart wall thickness (p = 0.423) and aortic wall thickness (p = 0.802). The effective doses of black garlic in this study were 450 mg / 200 grams BW, 900 mg / 200 grams rat BW and 1350 mg / 200 grams BW of rats. The optimal dose is 900 mg / 200 grams BW. Conclusion: Black garlic gave a significant reduction in body weight of rats and no significant reduction in heart weight, aortic weight, cardiac and aortic histopathological features.

ABSTRAKPendahuluan. Hasil revaskularisasi pada pasien diabetes melitus (DM) dengan penyakit jantung koroner 3 pembuluh darah (PJK 3PD) dengan bedah pintas koroner (BPK) lebih baik dibandingkan intervensi koroner perkutan (IKP) atau medikamentosa. BPK tidak selalu menjadi prosedur yang dikerjakan meskipun sudah direkomendasikan sesuai Skor Syntax. Selain itu, tidak semua pasien bersedia menjalani BPK atau IKP. Perlu diketahui apakah pilihan revaskularisasi tersebut mempengaruhi kesintasan 5 tahun.Metode. Penelitian ini merupakan studi kohort retrospektif dengan pendekatan analisis kesintasan untuk meneliti kesintasan 5 tahun pasien PJK 3PD DM yang menjalani tindakan BPK, IKP atau medikamentosa. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan data sekunder 126 pasien PJK 3PD DM yang menjalani BPK, IKP, maupun medikamentosa di Rumah Sakit dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo (RSCM) Jakarta pada tahun 2006-2007 dan diikuti sampai dengan tahun 2011-2012 dengan dilihat adakah kejadian meninggal.Hasil. Kesintasan terbaik diketahui yaitu pada kelompok BPK (93,5%). Proporsi kematian terbesar terdapat pada kelompok medikamentosa (36,1%). Selain itu, hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa kelompok IKP memiliki kesintasan yang lebih baik dibanding medikamentosa (69,5% vs 63,9%). Meskipun tidak bermakna secara statistik, namun pada kelompok IKP proporsi keluhan yang ditemukan setelah tindakan lebih sedikit dibanding kelompok medikamentosa (52% vs 38%). Skor Syntax yang berperan menilai kompleksitas stenosis diketahui turut menentukan kesintasan (p= 0,039).Simpulan. Kesintasan 5 tahun pasien PJK 3PD dengan DM yang paling baik didapatkan pada kelompok yang menjalani BPK. Kesintasan 5 tahun pasien PJK 3PD dengan DM yang menjalani IKP lebih baik dibandingkan medikamentosa, namun secara statistik tidak bermakna. Faktor yang berpengaruh pada kesintasan 5 tahun pasien PJK 3PD adalah kompleksitas stenosis yang dilihat dengan menggunakan skor Syntax. Kata kunci: DM, kesintasan 5 tahun, PJK 3PD

Introduction. Populations with high BMI are at risk for cardiovascular disease because these populations usually have high levels of fat in the body. In contrast, there are several studies that prove that body weight below normal BMI also increases cardiovascular disease risk and death. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of BMI on mortality rates of in-hospital patients with acute myocardial infarction at dr. Kariadi Hospital. Methods. This research is a retrospective analytic observational study with cross sectional design. The sample of this study was acute myocardial infarction patients who were undergoing treatment at the RSUP dr. Kariadi between January 2013 - December 2018 complete data on body weight, height, and status of death or survival. Data comparisons were made using fisher exact test with statistical significant p value was less than 0.05. Results. Statistical analysis using fisher exact test showed association between body mass index and mortality rate is not significant (p = 0,258). Age is the only one confounding variable that showed significant association with mortality rate (p =0,032). Relative risk of age is 1.8 with a cutoff at 60 years. Conclusions. Body mass index (BMI) did not have a significant impact on the mortality rate of AMI in-hospital patients at dr. Kariadi Hospital.Keywords: body mass index, acute myocardial infarction, mortality