The purpose of this article is to examine the causality between government size and corruption, and to verify if there is a different pattern of causality between developed Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries (excluding Mexico) and developing countries (Latin American countries) during the period 1996 to 2003. Applying Granger and Huang's (1997) methodology we find evidence that size of government Granger causes corruption in both samples. Since a larger government involvement in private markets today will be followed in future by a higher level of corruption a policy advice would be to enhance governance. The promotion of good governance helps to combat corruption given that it complements efforts to reduce corruption more directly, and it is strongly recommended by the International Monetary Fund, other multilateral institutions, and all worried with the negative impacts of corruption on economic activity.
The aim of this paper is to examine the relationship between the school performance and the wages of young Brazilians workers. We examine if school quality, measured by test scores of a generation in SAEB at the end of high school, affect the earnings of this generation when they enter the labor force, five and six years later, with sample of Censo (2000) and PNAD (2001). We use a pseudo-panel model to correct the problems of selection bias, created by migrations and by the high education level of the selected sample, through a Roy model (1951) applied in Dahl (2001). The determinants of school performance, like familiar background, school structure, teacher and director profiles also were analyzed. We conclude that school characteristics are responsible for a good performance of students in tests scores, and that the school performance explains the differences of the earnings of young Brazilians workers.
This paper examines whether the quality of learning, measured by the scores obtained by the 1978 generation at the end of high school (1995), affects the wages received by this cohort five years later, measured in the 2000 Census. We compute average wages and proficiency for each state/race/gender cell and correct the selection bias caused by migrations and by the high educational level of the sample using Dahl (2002)'s model. School inputs are used as instrumental variables for proficiency. The results show that the average test scores impact wages, with an estimated elasticity of 0.3.
ResumoNeste trabalho nós investigamos a relação entre o desempenho na escola e os salários para os jovens brasileiros. Nós calculamos a media salarial e o desempenho para cada grupo definido por estado/gênero/cor para examinar se a qualidade do aprendizado, medida pelos resultados dos exames de proficiência da geração nascida em 1978 no final do ensino médio (1995), afeta os salários recebidos por esta geração cinco anos depois, medido no censo de 2000. Corrigimos o problema de viés de seleção advindo das migrações e do alto nível educacional da amostra usando o modelo de seleção de Dahl (2002). Além disto, nós utilizamos os insumos escolares como instrumentos para a proficiência. Os resultados mostraram que o desempenho nos exames de matemática de uma geração afeta o seu salário 5 anos depois, com uma elasticidade de 0,3.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.