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Large scale centralised water, wastewater and stormwater systems have been implemented for over 100 years. These systems have provided a safe drinking water supply, efficient collection and disposal of wastewater to protect human health, and the mitigation of urban flood risk. The sustainability of current urban water systems is under pressure from a range of challenges which include: rapid population growth and resulting urbanisation, climate change impacts, and infrastructure that is ageing and reaching capacity constraints. To address these issues, urban water services are now being implemented with Integrated Urban Water Management (IUWM) and Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD) approaches. WSUD systems can deliver multiple benefits including water conservation, stormwater quality improvement, flood control, landscape amenity and a healthy living environment. These systems can be provided as stand-alone systems or in combination with centralised systems. These systems are still novel and thus face knowledge gaps that are impeding their mainstream uptake. Knowledge gaps cover technical, economic, social, and institutional aspects of their implementation. This paper is based on the outcomes of a comprehensive study conducted in South Australia which investigated impediments for mainstream uptake of WSUD, community perceptions of WSUD and potential of WSUD to achieve water conservation through the application of alternative resources, and in flood management. The outcomes are discussed in this paper for the benefit of water professionals engaged with WSUD planning, implementation, community consultation and regulation. Although the paper is based on a study conducted in South Australia, the comprehensive framework developed to conduct this detailed study and investigation can be adopted in any part of the world.

• This case study reports the activities of the Queensland Water Commission (QWC) in securing the water supply for Brisbane and surrounding South East Queensland (SEQ) in response to the worst drought on record. The case focuses on residential water use and examines a three year period from 2006 to 2009. The focus of the study is the interventions of 2007, which centres on the Target 140 campaign. In 2007, the QWC faced with critically low dam levels identified household consumption as responsible for 70% of water use. The eight month Target 140 campaign targeted household users, aiming to change the water use habits of SEQ residents. The campaign achieved not only immediate reductions in water use but also contributed to long term behavioural and attitudinal change. The aim of the campaign was to reduce water consumption from 180 litres (l)/person/day to a target of 140 l/person/day by the end of 2007. This was achieved with water consumption dropping to an average of 129 l/person/day during the campaign and saving over 20 billon litres of water. In 2009, despite the drought broken for over a year and the water consumption target lifted to 200 l/person/day residents were continuing to consume water, on average, less than 140 l/person/day. The outcome was a capstone result for the QWC, and the Target 140 campaign went on to achieve international industry recognition. This case study demonstrates how attitudinal change, goal setting and feedback were key components of the change strategy and outlines the tactics used during the campaign. Furthermore, the case study discusses these mechanisms for change in terms of a theoretical understanding. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. IntroductionIn August 2009, the residents of Brisbane and surrounding South East Queensland (SEQ) were consuming water at levels equivalent to Level 6 or 'Extreme' water restrictions, irrespective of the fact that the 'worst drought in 100years' had ended well over a year ago. The residents were now able to use 200 l/person/day and yet, they continued to use less than 140 l/person/day; equivalent to Level 6 water restrictions. Why had the people of SEQ never returned to their predrought water consumption levels of over 300 l/person/day? What behaviours had changed, how did these changes come about and why were these changes continuing? This case study will show how the Queensland Water Commission (QWC), responsible for the supply of SEQ water, achieved these changes. This case will demonstrate how attitudinal change, along with goal-setting and feedback, were key components of the change strategy. Furthermore, the case study discusses these mechanisms for change in terms of a theoretical understanding of behavioural change. This case study report proceeds as follows: first, it provides a description of the QWC and the background to the 2007 water change strategy intervention. It outlines the milestones of change and accounts for the factors associated with the changes. Second, it presents a review of the relevant literature and follows...

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