The radiation environment encountered in space differs in nature from that on Earth, consisting mostly of highly energetic ions from protons up to iron, resulting in radiation levels far exceeding the ones present on Earth for occupational radiation workers. Since the beginning of the space era, the radiation exposure during space missions has been monitored with various active and passive radiation instruments. Also onboard the International Space Station (ISS), a number of area monitoring devices provide data related to the spatial and temporal variation of the radiation field in and outside the ISS. The aim of the DOSIS (2009DOSIS ( -2011 and the DOSIS 3D (2012-ongoing) experiments was and is to measure the radiation environment within the European Columbus Laboratory of the ISS. These measurements are, on the one hand, performed with passive radiation detectors mounted at 11 locations within Columbus for the determination of the spatial distribution of the radiation field parameters and, on the other, with two active radiation detectors mounted at a fixed position inside Columbus for the determination of the temporal variation of the radiation field parameters. Data measured with passive radiation detectors showed that the absorbed dose values inside the Columbus Laboratory follow a pattern, based on the local shielding configuration of the radiation detectors, with minimum dose values observed in the year 2010 of 195-270 lGy/day and maximum values observed in the year 2012 with values ranging from 260 to 360 lGy/day. The absorbed dose is modulated by (a) the variation in solar activity and (b) the changes in ISS altitude.
Abstract. The preliminary results of the 1 st session of Russian "PHOENIX" long-term space experiment are presented. The survival of dried human lymphocytes and mouse bone marrow cells in 199 days space flight is studied. The degree of DNA fragmentation is analysed for samples flown in different ISS compartments. It is shown that biological data correlates with the results of space radiation dose measurements.
The evaluation of different components of secondary radiation (charged fragments and neutrons) onboard ISS is described. Solid-state nuclear track detectors CR-39™ were applied for the measurements of short-range nuclear fragments, while the measurements of neutrons were carried out by means of thermo-luminescent dosimeters with various concentrations of 6Li and 7Li. The flux of charged secondaries and the gamma-equivalent neutron dose are presented in function of the low-LET dose in various modules of the Russian segment of ISS.
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