Measurement of Different Components of Secondary Radiation Onboard International Space Station by Means of Passive Detectors

Inozemtsev, K.O.; Kushin, V.V.; Strádi, Andrea; Ambrožová, Iva; Kodaira, Satoshi; Szabó, J.; Tolochek, Raisa; Shurshakov, Vyacheslav

doi:10.1093/rpd/ncy043

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…International Space Station (ISS) orbits the Earth at an altitude of about 350 km, with radiation levels of 0.4–1.0 mSv/days, which is about 100 times the level of radiation on Earth’s surface; for missions beyond low Earth orbit, such as lunar and Mars exploration, astronauts will be more affected by GCR ( Yatagai and Ishioka, 2014 ). In addition, primary space radiation from the universe reacts with the spacecraft bulkhead to generate secondary rays such as neutrons, X-rays and γ-rays, which can produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) more effectively than primary space radiation ( Inozemtsev et al, 2018 ). The main effects of space radiation on organisms are genotoxic effects (such as single-strand and double-strand DNA breaks, chromatin structure destruction, base tautomerism), and other effects including oxidative stress, immune disorders and central nervous system damage ( Yatagai and Ishioka, 2014 ; Kokhan et al, 2019a ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Current Overview of the Biological Effects of Combined Space Environmental Factors in Mammals

Pei

2022

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

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Distinct from Earth’s environment, space environmental factors mainly include space radiation, microgravity, hypomagnetic field, and disrupted light/dark cycles that cause physiological changes in astronauts. Numerous studies have demonstrated that space environmental factors can lead to muscle atrophy, bone loss, carcinogenesis, immune disorders, vascular function and cognitive impairment. Most current ground-based studies focused on single environmental factor biological effects. To promote manned space exploration, a better understanding of the biological effects of the spaceflight environment is necessary. This paper summarizes the latest research progress of the combined biological effects of double or multiple space environmental factors on mammalian cells, and discusses their possible molecular mechanisms, with the hope of providing a scientific theoretical basis to develop appropriate countermeasures for astronauts.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Current Overview of the Biological Effects of Combined Space Environmental Factors in Mammals

Pei

2022

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

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“…Heavy ions are high in ionization density (linear energy transfer, LET), although their abundance is low [ 61 , 62 , 63 ]. In addition to the abovementioned radiation, secondary particles produced by these primary particles through the shielding materials form a secondary radiation environment, including photons, electrons, protons and neutrons, which can also lead to biological effects such as DNA damage, gene mutation, cell transformation, and other biological effects [ 64 ].…”

Section: Space Radiation and The Health Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

MicroRNAs Responding to Space Radiation

Yan

Zhang

Zhou

et al. 2020

IJMS

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High-energy and high-atom-number (HZE) space radiation poses an inevitable potential threat to astronauts on deep space exploration missions. Compared with low-LET radiation, high-energy and high-LET radiation in space is more efficient in inducing clustered DNA damage with more serious biological consequences, such as carcinogenesis, central nervous system injury and degenerative disease. Space radiation also causes epigenetic changes in addition to inducing damage at the DNA level. Considering the important roles of microRNAs in the regulation of biological responses of radiation, we systematically reviewed both expression profiling and functional studies relating to microRNAs responding to space radiation as well as to space compound environment. Finally, the directions for improvement of the research related to microRNAs responding to space radiation are proposed. A better understanding of the functions and underlying mechanisms of the microRNAs responding to space radiation is of significance to both space radiation risk assessment and therapy development for lesions caused by space radiation.

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“…In spacecraft and space stations, high-energy protons can directly pass through the shielding layer. The nuclear reaction of high-energy heavy ions in galaxy cosmic rays with the shielding material will also produce a large number of secondary protons ( 22 , 23 ). Obtaining more basic data based on the combination of proton radiation (PR) and simulated μ G (Sμ G ) is necessary to reasonably evaluate the effects of the space environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined Effects of Proton Radiation and Simulated Microgravity on the Cell Viability and ALP Activity of Murine Osteoblast Cells

Kong

Gong

et al. 2021

Front. Public Health

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Proton radiation (PR) and microgravity (μG) are two key factors that impact living things in space. This study aimed to explore the combined effects of PR and simulated μG (SμG) on bone function. Mouse embryo osteoblast precursor cells (MC3T3-E1) were irradiated with proton beams and immediately treated with SμG for 2 days using a three-dimensional clinostat. All samples were subjected to cell viability, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and transcriptome assays. The results showed that cell viability decreased with increasing doses of PR. The peak ALP activity after PR or SμG alone was lower than that obtained with the non-treatment control. No difference in cell viability or ALP activity was found between 1 Gy PR combined with SμG (PR-SμG) and PR alone. However, 4 Gy PR-SμG resulted in decreased cell viability and ALP activity compared with those obtained with PR alone. Furthermore, Gene Ontology analysis revealed the same trend. These results revealed that PR-SμG may lead to reductions in the proliferation and differentiation capacities of cells in a dose-dependent manner. Our data provide new insights into bone-related hazards caused by multiple factors, such as PR and μG, in the space environment.

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Measurement of Different Components of Secondary Radiation Onboard International Space Station by Means of Passive Detectors

Cited by 5 publications

References 16 publications

A Current Overview of the Biological Effects of Combined Space Environmental Factors in Mammals

A Current Overview of the Biological Effects of Combined Space Environmental Factors in Mammals

MicroRNAs Responding to Space Radiation

Combined Effects of Proton Radiation and Simulated Microgravity on the Cell Viability and ALP Activity of Murine Osteoblast Cells

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