When disaster strikes, human lives may depend upon emergency organizations' rapid establishment of Situation Awareness (SAW) to take the appropriate decisions and actions. Recently, systems emerged, enabling humans to act as crowd sensors contributing valuable crisis information via mobile devices through social media channels. This should allow enhancing situational pictures gained through traditional SAW systems, as employed in control center domains. A common understanding about the necessary functionality of such crowd-sensed SAW systems for crisis management, however, is not yet reached nor is a detailed comparison thereof available up to now. This paper makes a first attempt towards this by a reference architecture incorporating crowd-sensed crisis information into SAW systems. Based on that, a systematic catalog of evaluation criteria is derived and used for an in-depth comparison of nine existing systems, thereby highlighting current capabilities and directions for further research.
FoodEx2 is a comprehensive food classification and description system developed and maintained by EFSA to provide a standardized terminology backbone for representing and interpreting samples across the entire food safety risk assessment lifecycle, from data collection across different food and feed safety domains (e.g., monitoring of pesticides residues or biological hazards) to exposure assessment. To keep this terminology and sample coding framework fit-for-purpose, meeting evolving scientific and legislative requirements, a regular maintenance of this system is of utmost importance. Five major updates were carried out so far, with all performed changes documented in annual maintenance reports. This technical report describes the outcome of the sixth maintenance process done in 2022, which contained addition of new terms, inclusion of a novel hierarchy, reportability changes of some terms and amendments to existing terms including enrichment of implicit facets and changes of the hierarchical relationships.
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