Humans maintain core body temperature via a complicated system of physiologic mechanisms that counteract heat/cold fluctuations from metabolism, exertion, and the environment. Overextension of these mechanisms or disruption of body temperature homeostasis leads to bodily dysfunction, culminating in a syndrome analogous to exertional heat stroke (EHS). The inability of this thermoregulatory process to maintain the body temperature is caused by either thermal stress or certain drugs. EHS is a syndrome characterized by hyperthermia and the activation of systemic inflammation. Several drug-induced hyperthermic syndromes may resemble EHS and share common mechanisms. The purpose of this article is to review the current literature and compare exertional heat stroke (EHS) to three of the most widely studied drug-induced hyperthermic syndromes: malignant hyperthermia (MH), neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS), and serotonin syndrome (SS). Drugs and drug classes that have been implicated in these conditions include amphetamines, diuretics, cocaine, antipsychotics, metoclopramide, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), and many more. Observations suggest that severe or fulminant cases of drug-induced hyperthermia may evolve into an inflammatory syndrome best described as heat stroke. Their underlying mechanisms, symptoms, and treatment approaches will be reviewed to assist in accurate diagnosis, which will impact the management of potentially life-threatening complications.
There are many researches on forest and land fires has been carried out, however, forest and land fires in Indonesia still occur every year. It has been a historical record that in 1982–1983 forest and land fires in West Kalimantan which burned an area of 3.6 million hectares seemed not to be a lesson in monitoring fire, especially in forest areas. Berbak Sembilang National Park (TNBS) consists of ecosystems of peat swamps and freshwater swamps which are very vulnerable to fire especially during long drought and severe dry season. Fires in 2015 brought a major impact to people in Sumatra Island. This research analyzed hotspot occurreces on different land cover and land use in TNBS. Hotspot were analyzed by using Getis-Ord-Gi*. The result showed that repeated fires continue to occur in the TNBS area every year either during El-Nino or La-Nina period, resulting on ecological change in TNBS..
Los actores vinculados directa o indirectamente en la cadena del café, antelas tendencias y coyunturas críticas del mercado, tuvieron que implementar diversasestrategias para mantenerse en la actividad, entre ellas el mercadeo, entendido comopropaganda. El presente artículo versa sobre las distintas modalidades en que setrató de mercadear el café costarricense durante la crisis finisecular (1897-1908),Primera Guerra Mundial, Depresión Económica de 1929 y Segunda Gran Guerra. Seabordaran las propuestas y esfuerzos públicos y privados que buscaron mostrar lascualidades del producto nacional alrededor del mundo.
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