Este artículo parte de la teoría de rasgos de liderazgo para analizar la influencia del tipo de liderazgo de las empresas colombianas sobre su desempeño exportador. Para cumplir este objetivo se utiliza una base de datos de 306 empresas exportadoras colombianas y por medio de un análisis de conglomerados bietápico se analizan los diferentes tipos de liderazgo: democrático, autocrático y liberal. Los resultados obtenidos identifican un conglomerado de empresas con alto desempeño exportador que combinan el liderazgo liberal y el democrático, mientras que el segundo conglomerado está conformado por las empresas con bajo desempeño exportador que asumen un liderazgo liberal. Se concluye que para alcanzar niveles de desempeño superior los gerentes colombianos ejercen el liderazgo como un equilibrio entre libertad y control.

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Most research on entrepreneurial activities and institutions focuses on identifying certain relationships between formal and informal institutions and entrepreneurship across economies. In this study, we advance entrepreneurship research by examining how social capital as a characteristic of the institutional environment affects the relationship between formal and informal institutions and entrepreneurial activities, differentially, in developing and developed economies. Supporting institutional theory and social capital theory, the results from our sample of 39 countries from 2001 to 2014, which contains over 30,000 identified individuals, indicate that social capital has a stronger influence in the relations between institutions and entrepreneurship. In developing countries, this influence is greater in the relationship between property rights, access to credit, subjective insecurity, and entrepreneurial activity. In developed countries, the greater effect of social capital is on the relationship between corruption and entrepreneurial activity.

Purpose Societal changes and technological development have brought about drastic lifestyle change in the past decades. This drastic change is evident when comparing the lifestyle and general characteristics of generations who have been born immersed in this technological context to those of other generations. The objective of this paper is to analyze brand image (BI) as determinant of brand attitude (AB), and the moderating effect of brand equity (BE), in the use of online information among millennial shoppers from Colombia. In general, the purpose of this paper is to contribute to existing literature related to the importance of generational membership in classifying individuals regarding brand perception (BI, AB and BE) and association with the use of shopping channels between different generations. Design/methodology/approach A hierarchical regression model is estimated with a sample of university students in Colombia who are considered potential coffee consumers, and who were classified as millennials based on their age. Findings The results support that BE effect has a greater impact on AB when consumers have a good BI. Millennials also use more online communication sources to create brand perceptions. Originality/value Nevertheless, few studies have concurrently analyzed the characteristics of brand building and types of sources of information (online vs offline). This paper attempts to analyze the behavior of millennial consumers and the use of information channels online vs offline to manage brand and analyze BI, AB and BE.

En este artículo se prueba que la postura emprendedora de las pymes<br />influye positivamente sobre el desempeño exportador. Se utiliza la base<br />de datos del Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) del 2011 para una<br />muestra de 320 pymes exportadoras. Por medio de un modelo de ecuaciones<br />estructurales se comprueba un efecto positivo de las características<br />del emprendedor, características internas y externas y acceso a recursos<br />gubernamentales sobre la postura emprendedora. Con estos resultados<br />las pymes pueden reconocer sus debilidades y fortalezas sobre los recursos<br />internos y su entorno, y poder tomar medidas para mejorar su<br />desempeño exportador.