A leishmaniose visceral é uma doença emergente e negligenciada 31 que apresenta ampla distribuição em países de clima tropical e subtropical 2 12 . Estima-se que anualmente ocorram cerca de 500 mil casos novos da doença. Brasil, Bangladesh, Índia e Sudão contribuem com 90% dos casos 31 . O agente etiológico da leishmaniose visceral no Brasil é o protozoário Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi 8 que é transmitido ao homem por meio da picada de flebotomíneos fêmeas da espécie Lutzomyia longipalpis 2 29 . O protozoário provoca uma doença crônica e sistêmica com intenso parasitismo das células do sistema fagocítico mononuclear 3 . Baço, fígado e medula óssea são particularmente acometidos e a forma clássica da doença é Children up to nine years of age accounted for 40% of the cases. Males accounted for 64% of the cases and females, 36%. The death rate ranged from 5 to 11%, with a mean of 8%. Among the 44 deaths, 33 (75%) were male cases and 11 (25%) were female cases. Although elderly people accounted for 9% of the cases, mortality among them reached 39%. There were 27 cases of Leishmania /HIV coinfection (5%), with a mortality rate of 15%, mostly among men aged 20 to 49 years. A process of disease endemization with a high rate of incidence was observed. Key

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These results highlight the discrepancies between the actual and the detected number of dengue infections, possibly due to significant numbers of asymptomatic infections aggravated by difficulties with dengue clinical diagnosis.

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