Il volume affronta il tema, quanto mai attuale, della prevenzione e tutela dell’edificato storico dal rischio sismico, proponendo una metodologia d’indagine, l’archeosismologia, sviluppata all’interno di ambienti universitari e raffinata dai numerosi confronti con professionisti ed esperti del settore. Il testo è pensato non solo per un pubblico di stampo archeologico, ma anche per le varie figure che operano nel campo dei Beni Culturali e del rischio sismico, siano questi architetti, restauratori, ingegneri strutturisti, storici o sismologi. Il libro, dunque, intende porsi come un primo passo per l’affermazione di un settore disciplinare, analizzando e valorizzando la sua applicabilità e le sue potenzialità, e fornendo dati inediti ed indispensabili alla conoscenza, valorizzazione e tutela dei Beni Culturali.
This paper concerns the path of knowledge that leads to the understanding of the morphology and evolution of the archaeological area discovered in the 1960s below the parish church of Gropina (AR). By dealing with archaeological surveying methods, the attention is focused on the digital survey technologies used, integrating data from laser scanner instruments with photogrammetric ones. The morphological base was necessary for the preparation of stratigraphic analyses, and allowed us to check the previous studies carried out on the building to extract a periodized planimetry. Finally, the digital drawing technologies have allowed us to hypothesize the schematic evolutionary models of the different phases of the building, and to use the digital survey to create a virtual platform through which to interact with the archaeological site, which is now closed to visitors.
Historical seismicity is mainly defined from historical sources which are not always available. Yet historical buildings are an unique opportunity to record and study effects of past earthquakes at a given place. An innovative methodology is defined to improve knowledge of local historical seismicity. Such a methodology is based on an interdisciplinary approach combining : analysis of historical sources, stratigraphic analysis and structural analysis of an historical building. The church of Sant'Agata del Mugello (Italy, Tuscany) is considered as a case of study. The stratigraphic analysis is performed by identifying the repairs using the RECAP methodology. 80 repairs units using 13 building techniques are identified in the church. The identified repairs are associated with unknown events, earthquakes or routine reconstructions. When post-earthquake reconstructions are found, damage mechanisms are associated with them. 13 constructive phases of the church have been traced combining stratigraphic analysis and historical sources. A proto-church was built before 948 A.D. and is nowadays below the current one. The first phase of the current church appears between the 9 th and the 12 th century. A significant event of unknown origin occurred during the 12 th century which probably led to an important collapse and then a significant reconstruction of the church. The church is then deeply affected by the 1542 seismic event (epicentral macroseismic intensity 9, deduced magnitude 6.02) which resulted in the collapse of the upper part of the bell tower and the two lateral chapels as well as the overturning of the front wall and of the two lateral walls of the nave. The 1611 seismic event (epicentral macroseismic intensity 7, deduced magnitude 5.1) damaged the upper part of the bell tower as described in historical records. In spite of the confirmed occurrence of seismic events in the area from the middle of the 17 th century and the beginning of the 20 th century, no information relating seismic damage of the church has been found in historical records nor in the startigraphic analysis. The most important earthquake which struck the area on June 19th, 1919, produced only some small cracks in the church (magnitude 6.38).
RIASSUNTOIl Mugello è un'area a medio-alto rischio sismico situata sulla catena montuosa appenninica a confine fra la Toscana e l'Emilia Romagna. Il territorio si caratterizza per una nutrita presenza di insediamenti di lunga durata caratterizzata da edifici storici ben conservati, dei quali la maggior parte risultano strutture religiose. Una zona del Mugello, tra il 2010 ed il 2014, è stata interessata dal progetto "Archeologia dell'architettura e rischio sismico in Mugello", una ricerca incentrata sulla sperimentazione del potenziale informativo del processo di analisi archeologica come forma di conoscenza, prevenzione e tutela dell'edilizia medievale dal rischio sismico. Fra i risultati che sono emersi dalle indagini archeologiche hanno svolto un ruolo centrale le considerazioni inerenti l'approvvigionamento ed utilizzo dei materiali costruttivi per l'edificazione e la modifica delle strutture architettoniche, in un periodo compreso fra il Basso Medioevo e l'Età Moderna.Parole Chiave: Archeosismologia; Architettura; Tecniche Costruttive; Cronotipologia. AbSTRAcTMugello is a medium-high seismic risk area situated on the Italian Apennine mountain range, between Tuscany and Emilia Romagna. The territory is characterized by a large presence of long duration settlements characterized by well-preserved historic buildings, most of which are religious' architectonical complexes. An area of Mugello, between 2010 and 2014, was characterized by the project "Archaeology of Buildings and seismic risk in Mugello", a research focused on testing the potential information of the process of archaeological analysis of buildings as a form of knowledge, prevention and protection of medieval seismic risk settlements. Among the results that have emerged from the archaeoseismological investigation have played a central role the considerations pertaining to the supplying and use of building materials for the construction and modification of architectural structures, in a period between the late Middle Ages and the Modern Age.
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