Improving energy efficiency of manufacturing processes requires knowledge about the energy consumption as a function of the machine tool and cutting process itself. Both theoretical and empirical models of unit process energy consumption have emphasized the relevance of fixed energy consumption which ensures the machine readiness. However, the machine tool behavior during the stand-by mode is lack of thorough study. This paper presented the investigation of fixed energy consumption from definition and description to improvement strategies. Six machine tools covering different manufacturing processes are selected for this investigation in order to evaluate the future savings.
Using mineral oil based coolants for the machining of metals causes environmental problems. Besides plant seed oil, animal fat and used cooking oil proved to be raw material sources for alternative ester based coolants which can be used as substitutes for mineral oil. In this paper their properties are compared from a life cycle perspective with those of mineral oil and plant seed oil ester products regarding technical, ecological and economical aspects. In this context grinding tests, Life Cycle Assessment and Life Cycle Costing were performed. The three disciplines are brought together in a material flow model and, therefore, results are well harmonized.
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