46Titan, with its organically rich and dynamic atmosphere and geology, and Enceladus, with its 47 active plume, both harbouring global subsurface oceans, are prime environments in which to 48 investigate the habitability of ocean worlds and the conditions for the emergence of life. We 49 present a space mission concept, the Explorer of Enceladus and Titan (E 2 T), which is 50 dedicated to investigating the evolution and habitability of these Saturnian satellites. E 2 T is 51 proposed as a medium-class mission led by ESA in collaboration with NASA in response to 52 ESA's M5 Cosmic Vision Call. E 2 T proposes a focused payload that would provide in-situ 53 composition investigations and high-resolution imaging during multiple flybys of Enceladus 54 and Titan using a solar-electric powered spacecraft in orbit around Saturn. The E 2 T mission 55 would provide high-resolution mass spectrometry of the plume currently emanating from 56 Enceladus' south polar terrain and of Titan's changing upper atmosphere. In addition, high-57 resolution infrared (IR) imaging would detail Titan's geomorphology at 50-100 m resolution 58 and the temperature of the fractures on Enceladus' south polar terrain at meter resolution. 59 These combined measurements of both Titan and Enceladus would enable the E 2 T mission 60 scenario to achieve two major scientific goals: 1) Study the origin and evolution of volatile-61 rich ocean worlds; and 2) Explore the habitability and potential for life in ocean worlds. E 2 T's 62 two high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometers would enable resolution of the 63 ambiguities in chemical analysis left by the NASA/ESA/ASI Cassini-Huygens mission 64 regarding the identification of low-mass organic species, detect high-mass organic species for 65 the first time, further constrain trace species such as the noble gases, and clarify the evolution 66 of solid and volatile species. The high-resolution IR camera would reveal the geology of 67 Titan's surface and the energy dissipated by Enceladus' fractured south polar terrain and 68 plume in detail unattainable by the Cassini mission.69

Europa is a premier target for advancing both planetary science and astrobiology, as well as for opening a new window into the burgeoning field of comparative oceanography. The potentially habitable subsurface ocean of Europa may harbor life, and the globally young and comparatively thin ice shell of Europa may contain biosignatures that are readily accessible to a surface lander. Europa’s icy shell also offers the opportunity to study tectonics and geologic cycles across a range of mechanisms and compositions. Here we detail the goals and mission architecture of the Europa Lander mission concept, as developed from 2015 through 2020. The science was developed by the 2016 Europa Lander Science Definition Team (SDT), and the mission architecture was developed by the preproject engineering team, in close collaboration with the SDT. In 2017 and 2018, the mission concept passed its mission concept review and delta-mission concept review, respectively. Since that time, the preproject has been advancing the technologies, and developing the hardware and software, needed to retire risks associated with technology, science, cost, and schedule.

Future detectors for high luminosity particle identification and ultra high energy neutrino observation would benefit from a digitizer capable of recording sensor signals with high analog bandwidth and large record depth, in a cost-effective, compact and low-power way.A first version of the Buffered Large Analog Bandwidth (BLAB1) ASIC has been designed based upon the lessons learned from the development of the Large Analog Bandwidth Recorder and Digitizer with Ordered Readout (LABRADOR) ASIC. While this LABRADOR ASIC has been very successful and forms the basis of a generation of new, large-scale radio neutrino detectors, its limited sampling depth is a major drawback. A prototype has been designed and fabricated with 64k deep sampling at multi-GSa/s operation. We present test results and directions for future evolution of this sampling technique.