Although new technologies allow for less effort in prototyping, physical testing still remains an important step in the product development cycle. Well‐planned experiments are useful to guide the decision‐making process. During the design of an experiment, one of the challenges is to balance limited resources and system constraints to obtain useful information. It is common that prototypes are composed of several parts, with some parts more difficult to assemble than others. And, usually, there is only one piece available of each part type and a large number of different setups. Under these conditions, designs with randomization restrictions become attractive approaches. Considering this scenario, a new and additional criterion, minimum setup, to construct split‐plot type designs is presented. Designs with the minimum number of setups of the more difficult parts, which are especially useful for screening purposes in physical prototype testing, are discussed. The use of the proposed criterion combined with minimum aberration for selecting a regular design is shown through a real application in testing car prototypes. As a tool to practitioners, catalogs of selected 32‐run minimum setup minimum aberration split‐split‐plot and split‐split‐split‐plot designs are presented. More complete catalogs are available as Supporting information. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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The e-learning in Brazil has shown such intense development followed by its problems. Obstacles in the teaching learning permeate, among others, the use of virtual environments, production of teaching materials, pedagogical mediation, where the tutor has responsibility in these factors. In order to combine the use of technology with the nature of the pedagogical dimension, this theoretical essay discusses the concept of pedagogical usability from existing problems and presents explanations about the dimensions and criteria present in the literature. KEYWORDS:Virtual learning environment, education, Moodle, educational technologies. USABILIDADE PEDAGÓGICA: UM ENSAIO TEÓRICO PARA O ENSINO A DISTÂNCIA RESUMOO Ensino a Distância no Brasil tem apresentado um crescimento tão intenso quanto os problemas que o acompanham. Os entraves no processo ensinoaprendizagem permeiam, dentre outros, o uso dos ambientes virtuais, a produção de material didático e a mediação pedagógica, tendo o professor particular responsabilidade nestes fatores. Com a finalidade de aliar o uso das tecnologias com a essencialidade da dimensão pedagógica, este ensaio teórico discute o conceito de usabilidade pedagógica a partir dos problemas existentes e apresenta explicações sobre as dimensões e critérios presentes na literatura. PALAVRAS-CHAVE:Ambiente virtual de aprendizagem, educação, Moodle, tecnologias educativas.

The objective of this study was to determine the seasonal distribution and gastrointestinal nematode parasite load in crossbred Santa Inês tracer lambs, and to correlate the rainfall during the study period with occurrences of parasitic infections. Sixty-four male tracer lambs between the ages of four and eight months were used in the study. Two tracer lambs were inserted into the herd every 28 days to determine the pattern of infective larvae available in the environment. Variation in the fecal egg count (FEC) of nematodes was observed at the study site, with many samples containing undetectable parasite loads during the dry season. The larvae identified in coprocultures were Haemonchus sp., Trichostrongylus sp., Cooperia sp., Strongyloides sp. and Oesophagostomum sp. The nematodes recovered at necropsy were Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus colubriformis, Cooperia punctata, C. pectinata, Trichuris sp., Oesophagostomum sp. and Skrajabinema ovis. The total number of larvae and the total number of immature and adult forms recovered from the tracers showed seasonal distributions that significantly correlated with the amount of rainfall received that month (p value ≅ 0.000 in all cases). The species H. contortus was predominant in the herd and should be considered to be main pathogenic nematode species in these hosts under these conditions. Keywords: FEC, tracer animals, Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus spp., Cooperia spp. ResumoO objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a distribuição sazonal e a carga parasitária de nematóides gastrintestinais em cordeiros traçadores, mestiços da raça Santa Inês, e relacionar a ocorrência dessas infecções com a variável chuva no mês. Foram utilizados 64 animais, machos, com idade variando entre quatro e oito meses. Em intervalos de 28 dias, dois traçadores foram inseridos no rebanho para determinar o padrão de disponibilidade de larvas infectantes no ambiente. Variação na contagem de ovos por grama (OPG) de nematóides foi observada no local do estudo, com alta frequência de amostras com carga parasitária indetectável no período seco. Das coproculturas foram identificadas larvas de Haemonchus sp., Trichostrongylus sp., Cooperia sp., Strongyloides sp. e Oesophagostomum sp. Os nematóides recuperados à necropsia foram Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus colubriformis, Cooperia punctata, C. pectinata, Trichuris sp., Oesophagostomum sp. e Skrajabinema ovis. O total de larvas, de formas imaturas e de adultos recuperados dos traçadores, mostraram distribuição sazonal significativamente relacionada com a ocorrência de chuva no mês (valor-p≅0,000, para todos os casos). A espécie H. contortus foi predominante no rebanho e deve ser considerada a espécie de nematóide mais importante nesses hospedeiros, sob as condições do estudo.

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