Adolescence is associated with a dramatic surge in suicide rate. While worldwide age-adjusted suicides rate per 100’000 in under 14-year olds are relatively low around 0.6, a dramatic increase to 7.4 can be observed in 15 – 19 year olds with suicide being one of the three leading causes of mortality in most countries in this age group. From 2000 to 2013 the Swiss annual average of completed suicides in 15 – 19 year olds was 33.1 (minimum 24; maximum 47). This corresponds to an average age-specific death rate of 7.6, which is slightly above the global mean. Suicide prevention and treatment of suicidality in adolescents is a complex underpinning. Subjectively experienced feelings of insufficiency, hopelessness and the feeling of worthlessness combined with concrete suicidal ideations and the capacity to act out are important indicators for assessing suicidal risk. Suicide attempts as the strongest risk factor for suicide should always be taken seriously, even if they occur in the context of situational crisis. Narcissistic personality traits or increased impulsivity are further indicators of risk. The early detection and effective treatment of mental disorders such as depression, anxiety disorders, bipolar-affective disorders or psychotic disorders provide a great opportunity to reduce the frequency of suicide attempts and suicide. Particular caution is required when co-morbid addictions are present. The maintenance or establishment of sustainable relationships with significant others is considered a key protecting factor. Increasing withdrawal from significant others is an important warning sign and needs urgent involvement of experts. In acute suicidality, the admission to a psychiatric hospital must be considered, if necessary against the will of affected adolescent and their relatives. Personality-related recurrent suicidal behavior requires specific treatment approaches taking into account the prevention of iatrogenic worsening of suicidal patterns.
Summary Family Perceptions and Moderating Factors of Involvement in Non-Residential FathersThe involvement of non-resident fathers with their child was analysed by use of a questionnaire in a sample of 74 divorced or separated families living in the city of Zürich, Switzerland. Fathers, mothers, and one child separately rated the involvement of the father. The three perspectives were compared and showed significant differences in the dimensions of educational responsibility, cognitive and social support, and the quality of the emotional relationship. The temporal availability and leisure time activities did not show significant differences. The different family perspectives should be considered when assessing a father's involvement with his child. The quality of the relationship of the children to their fathers was primarily fostered by the emotional engagement of the father.Prax. Kinderpsychol. Kinderpsychiat. 61/2012, 75-91 Keywords father engagement -separated fathers -divorced fathers -father child relationship ZusammenfassungIn
Der Fragebogen zum Engagement getrennt lebender VäterPraxis der Kinderpsychologie und Kinderpsychiatrie 59 (2010) Summary The Questionnaire on Paternal Engagement of Separated FathersThe present contribution presents psychometric findings of a newly developed questionnaire on paternal engagement after parental separation based on a sample of 225 separated or divorced fathers living in the German part of Switzerland. Factor analyses led to the following five dimensions: educational responsibility, cognitive and social support, quality of the emotional relationship, temporal availability, and leisure activities. Internal consistency coefficients (Cronbach's Alpha) ranged from .86 to .91. The dimensions reflect significant differences of paternal engagement regarding child custody, living arrangements of the mother, and parental cooperation. These findings clearly indicate that paternal engagement after separation should be considered in a differentiated multidimensional way.Prax. Kinderpsychol. Kinderpsychiat. 59/2010, 640-656 Keywords father engagement -separated fathers -divorced fathers -questionnaire ZusammenfassungDieser Beitrag berichtet die Ergebnisse psychometrischer Analysen für den neu entwickelten "Fragebogen zum väterlichen Engagement nach der Trennung" aus Sicht der Väter auf der Basis einer Stichprobe von 225 in der deutschen Schweiz lebender, getrennter oder geschiedener Väter. Faktorenanalytisch wurden die folgenden fünf Dimensionen ermittelt: erzieherische Verantwortung, kognitive und soziale Förderung, emotionale Zuwendung und Unterstüt-zung, zeitliche Verfügbarkeit und Freizeitaktivitäten. Die internen Konsistenzkoeffizienten (Cronbach's Alpha) variieren zwischen .86 und .91. Die Dimensionen des Fragebogens bilden signifikante Unterschiede des Engagements der Väter in Bezug auf das Sorgerecht und die elterliche Kooperation ab. Die qualitativen Unterschiede belegen die Bedeutung einer differenzierten mehrdimensionalen Erfassung des väterlichen Engagements nach einer Trennung.
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